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Physical layer authentication in MIMO systems: a carrier frequency offset approach

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Abstract

By exploiting the carrier frequency offset (CFO) between a transmitter-receiver pair, this paper proposes a CFO-based physical layer authentication scheme for dynamic multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. We first provide analytical modeling of dynamic CFO in such MIMO systems by jointly taking into account the intrinsic oscillator mismatch and Doppler frequency shift caused by node mobility, and employ the self-correlating and extended Kalman filtering techniques for the CFO estimation and prediction. By quantizing the difference between the estimated CFO and predicted one, we then apply the statistical signal processing techniques to develop a CFO-based physical layer authentication scheme for transmitter identity verification. With the help of tools from stochastic process and hypothesis testing theories, we further derive the analytical expressions for false alarm rate as well as detection rate to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. Finally, we provide extensive numerical results to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme.

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Acknowledgements

This paper is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018-YFE0207600), the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant 61972308, and the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province in China under Grant 2008085QF324.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071, China

    Yangyang Liu & Yulong Shen

  2. School of Computer and Information Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui, 239000, China

    Pinchang Zhang

  3. Institute of Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Jun Liu

  4. Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Beijing, China

    Jun Liu

  5. School of Systems Information Science, Future University Hakodate, 116-2 Kamedanakano-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8655, Japan

    Xiaohong Jiang

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  1. Yangyang Liu
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Liu, Y., Zhang, P., Liu, J. et al. Physical layer authentication in MIMO systems: a carrier frequency offset approach. Wireless Netw 28, 1909–1921 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-022-02916-y

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