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An optimization-based coverage aware path planning algorithm for multiple mobile collectors in wireless sensor networks

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Abstract

An emergent solution to overcome the limitations of traditional multi-hop routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is to use mobile collectors (MCs) for data gathering, thereby reducing energy consumed in internode communications. Most of the existing data collection approaches emphasize data gathering or network lifetime extension, without taking into account sensor node area coverage or how to handle sensor node failures through node mobility. It is desirable to utilize node mobility as a key functionality for WSN coverage optimization. We propose a robust coverage-aware multiple path-planning algorithm (CAMP) for WSN data gathering using MCs. CAMP works in tandem with any coverage hole-repair algorithm to heal coverage holes created by dying nodes, if any, and can plan efficient paths for MCs. CAMP initially selects polling points using Particle Swarm Optimization, and then divides the area into radial sections based on the number of available MCs. The size of subsection is adjusted to balance the estimated trip times within an acceptable margin and each MC traverses its assigned section following the shortest path determined by Ant Colony Optimization. Performance is analyzed in terms of coverage, energy consumption, data delivery delay, and network lifetime. Results reveal that CAMP provides above 90% coverage of nodes. Moreover, it is robust to failures and covers over 70% of the area even when more than half of the nodes fail. CAMP also saves a considerable amount of nodes’ communication energy, and the network lifetime is increased by 2.5 times when compared to a similar state-of-the-art algorithm.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE

    Banafsj Khalifa, Zaher Al Aghbari & Ahmed M. Khedr

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  1. Banafsj Khalifa
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  2. Zaher Al Aghbari
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  3. Ahmed M. Khedr
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Correspondence to Zaher Al Aghbari.

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Khalifa, B., Al Aghbari, Z. & Khedr, A.M. An optimization-based coverage aware path planning algorithm for multiple mobile collectors in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Netw 28, 2155–2168 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-022-02968-0

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