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A novel approach to fairness-aware energy efficiency in green heterogeneous cellular networks

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Abstract

Heterogeneous cellular networks are a viable solution in response to the growing demand for broadband services in the new-generation wireless networks. The dense deployment of small cell networks is a key feature of next-generation heterogeneous networks aimed at providing the necessary capacity increase. However, the approach to apply green networks is very important especially in the downlink because uncontrolled deployment of too many small-cells may increase operational costs and emit more carbon dioxide. In addition, given the novel services and resource limitation of the user layer, energy efficiency and fairness assurance are critical issues in the uplink. Considering the uplink fairness criterion, this paper proposes a dynamic optimization model which maximizes the total uplink/downlink energy efficiency in addition to providing the essential coverage and capacity of heterogeneous cellular networks. Based on the non-convex characteristics of the energy efficiency maximization model, the mathematical model can be formulated to two subproblems, i.e., resource optimization and user association. So that, a subgradient method is applied for fair resource management and also successive convex approximation and dual decomposition methods are adopted to solve the proportional fairness problem. The simulation results exhibit considerable throughput increase by 30% and 22% on average for random and hotspot user distributions, respectively. It also proved that the proposed approach managed to significantly improve the total network energy efficiency by up to 35%.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Shahr‐E‐Ray Branch, Tehran, Iran

    Fereshteh Atri Niasar, Amir Reza Momen & Seyed Abolfazl Hosseini

  2. Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

    Amir Reza Momen

Authors
  1. Fereshteh Atri Niasar
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  2. Amir Reza Momen
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  3. Seyed Abolfazl Hosseini
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Correspondence to Amir Reza Momen.

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Niasar, F.A., Momen, A.R. & Hosseini, S.A. A novel approach to fairness-aware energy efficiency in green heterogeneous cellular networks. Wireless Netw 28, 2651–2667 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-022-02987-x

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