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WSN routing algorithm based on node classification and multi-layer transport

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Abstract

In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as the underlying basic interface of the Internet of Things, have developed rapidly, and the performance requirements of WSNs are constantly improved in various application environments. However, in the practical application, the traditional wireless sensor network has the problem of uneven and limited energy consumption. To solve this problem, a non-uniform clustering algorithm based on node classification and multi-level data transmission (NCMLT) is proposed in this paper. The algorithm divides the nodes into S1 and S2 levels according to the distance from the base station, and transmits data in chain and cluster structures respectively, effectively combining the advantages of the two structures. In the stage of cluster head election, the threshold formula of low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is improved, and the remaining energy of nodes and other factors are added into the candidate cluster head election function. When clustering, considering the rationality of the competitive radius, the distance and energy factors are adjusted to form non-uniform clustering, which reduces the energy cost of the network. Based on the greedy algorithm, the chain structure is constructed according to the defined chain head election formula, and the optimal chain node is selected by calculating the relay value of the cluster chain as the relay node for data transmission between the cluster head that is closer to the base station and the base station, and the data transmission distance between the nodes is optimized by means of hierarchical multi-hop. Through simulation experiments, compared with the energy-efficient uneven clustering algorithm (EEUC) and the uneven clustering routing algorithm based on ant colony optimization (URACO), the network lifetime of NCMLT algorithm is increased by 47.43% and 5.02%, respectively, which proves that NCMLT algorithm can effectively balance node energy consumption and extend network lifetime.

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Acknowledgements

This work was in part supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2021JJ50093); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11875164).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of South China, Hengyang, China

    Xiuwu Yu, Yinhao Liu & Yong Liu

  2. Hunan Engineering Research Center for Uranium Tailings Decommission and Treatment, Hengyang, China

    Xiuwu Yu & Yong Liu

  3. Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Radioactive Control Technology in Uranium Mining and Metallurgy, Hengyang, China

    Xiuwu Yu

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  1. Xiuwu Yu
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Correspondence to Yinhao Liu.

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Yu, X., Liu, Y. & Liu, Y. WSN routing algorithm based on node classification and multi-layer transport. Wireless Netw 30, 737–747 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-023-03497-0

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