Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A full duplex LG modes enabled millimeter-wave based FSO communication system for disaster zone

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Wireless Networks Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Free space optical (FSO) communication is a wireless alternative to fiber-based communication as it may provide a backbone emergency communication link in disaster-hit areas. This paper proposes a full duplex millimeter wave (mm-wave) enabled FSO system to provide a high data rate communication link for search and rescue operations. The proposed system consists of a central unit which is connected to multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) through an optical-amplify and forward relay over an FSO channel represented by Log-Normal channel model. An optical comb is generated and Laguerre-Gaussian modes of each wavelength of the optical comb are exploited to carry 10 Gbps differential phase shift keying modulated signals. 60 GHz mm-wave signals are generated at the remote UAVs by employing optical heterodyne detection for downlink transmission towards the user equipment. For the uplink transmission, a dedicated wavelength is used to carry 10 Gbps on-off keying baseband data for live streaming of the disaster-hit area. Furthermore, a single hop scheme is employed to counter the non-line of sight issue of the FSO link. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated under different weather conditions and refractive index structure parameter values. A maximum distance of 3.3 km is achieved for clear sky under low turbulence conditions. Moreover, the effect of misalignment due to hovering of the UAVs on the system performance is also investigated and tolerance in the x (horizontal) and y (vertical) directions is observed at the forward error correction BER limit of \(10^{-9}\). The simulation results reveal that the proposed system has the potential to provide reliable and quick emergency communication services in disaster-struck areas.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

References

  1. Jahid, A., Alsharif, M. H., & Hall, T. J. (2022). A contemporary survey on free space optical communication: Potentials, technical challenges, recent advances and research direction. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 200, 103311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Alawad, W., Halima, N. B., & Aziz, L. (2023). An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system for disaster and crisis management in smart cities. Electronics, 12(4), 1051.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Shah, D., & Kothari, D. (2014).“Optimization of 2.5 Gbps WDM-FSO link range under different rain conditions in Ahmedabad," In 2014 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON), Pune, India, (pp. 1–4)

  4. Robinson, S., Jasmine, S., & Pavithra, R. (2015). Investigation on hybrid WDM (DWDM+CWDM) free space optical communication system. ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology, 6(12), 1187–1192.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Prabu, K., Charanya, S., Jain, M., & Guha, D. (2017). BER analysis of SS-WDM based FSO system for Vellore weather conditions. Optics Communications, 403, 73–80.

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Huang, X. H., Li, C. Y., Lu, H. H., Su, C. W., Wu, Y. R., Wang, Z. H., & Chen, Y. N. (2018). WDM free-space optical communication system of high-speed hybrid signals. IEEE Photonics Journal, 10(6), 1–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Umezawa, T., et al. (2019). 25-Gbaud 4-WDM Free-Space Optical Communication Using High-Speed 2-D Photodetector Array. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 37(2), 612–618.

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Yaseen, M. A., Abass, A. K., & Abdulsatar, S. M. (2021). Improving of wavelength division multiplexing based on free space optical communication via power comparative system. Wireless Personal Communications, 119, 381–391.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Fadil, E. A., Abass, A. K., & Tahhan, S. R. (2022). Secure WDM-free space optical communication system based optical chaotic. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 54, 477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Trichili, A., Park, K.-H., Zghal, M., Ooi, B. S., & Alouini, M.-S. (2019). Communicating using spatial mode multiplexing: Potentials, challenges, and perspectives. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 21(4), 3175–3203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Jeyaseelan, J., Sriram Kumar, D., & Caroline, B. E. (2020). Disaster management using free space optical communication system. Photonic Network Communications, 39, 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Sarangal, H., Singh, A., Malhotra, J., et al. (2017). A cost effective 100 Gbps hybrid MDM-OCDMA-FSO transmission system under atmospheric turbulences. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 49, 184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Singh, M., & Malhotra, J. (2019). 2 x 10 Gbit/s-10 GHz radio over free space optics transmission system incorporating mode division multiplexing of Hermite Gaussian modes. Journal of Optical Communications, 45, 2546. https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2019-0047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Singh, M., & Malhotra, J. (2019). Long-Reach High-Capacity hybrid MDM-OFDM-FSO transmission link under the effect of atmospheric turbulence. Wireless Personal Communications, 107, 1549–1571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Grover, A., Sheetal, A., & Dhasarathan, V. (2020). Performance analysis of mode division multiplexing based free space optics system incorporating on-off keying and polarization shift keying under dynamic environmental conditions. Wireless Networks, 26, 3439–3449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Singh, M., Atieh, A., Aly, M. H., Somia, A., & El-Mottaleb, A. (2022). 120 Gbps SAC-OCDMA-OAM-based FSO transmission system: Performance evaluation under different weather conditions. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61(12), 10407–10418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Jeyaseelan, J., Sriram Kumar, D., & Caroline, B. E. (2020). Disaster management using free space optical communication system. Photonic Network Communications, 39(1), 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Amphawan, A., Arsad, N., Neo, T. K., Jasser, M. B., & Mohd Ramly, A. (2022). Post-Flood UAV-based free space optics recovery communications with spatial mode diversity. Electronics, 11(14), 2257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Wu, D., Sun, X., & Ansari, N. (2022). An FSO-based drone assisted mobile access network for emergency communications. IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering, 7(3), 1597–1606.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Hu, B., Wang, L., Chen, S., Cui, J., & Chen, L. (2022). An uplink throughput optimization scheme for UAV-enabled urban emergency communications. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(6), 4291–4302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Optiwave“Optiwave Photonic Software, [online] Available: https://optiwave.com/,".

  22. Iqbal, S., Raza, A., Fasih Uddin Butt, M., Ghafoor, S., & El-Hajjar, M. (2020). A full-duplex radio over fiber architecture employing 12 Gbps 16 \(\times\) 16 optical multiple input multiple output for next-generation communication networks,". Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 31(8), e3910.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Mirza, J., Ghafoor, S., & Hussain, A. (2019). All-optical generation and transmission of multiple ultrawideband signals over free space optical link. Optical Engineering, 58(5), 056103.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Davaslıoğlu, K., Çağıral, E., & Koca, M. (2010). Free space optical ultra-wideband communications over atmospheric turbulence channels. Optics Express, 18(16), 16618–16627.

    Article  ADS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Raza, A., Ghafoor, S., & Butt, M. F. U. (2017). MIMO-enabled integrated MGDM-WDM distributed antenna system architecture based on plastic optical fibers for millimeter-wave communication. Photonic Network Communications, 35, 265–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Mehmood, T., Qayyum, H., & Ghafoor, S. (2019). Polarizationmultiplexing based duplex radio-over-fiber link for millimeterwave signal transmission to a ring of multiple radio access units. Frontiers of Information Technology Electronic Engineering, 20, 300–306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

No funding was received for this work.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Saeed Iqbal, Aadil Raza, Mohammad Kaleem, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Adeel and Salman Ghafoor have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Barani Institute of Information Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Saeed Iqbal

  2. Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Aadil Raza

  3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Mohammad Kaleem

  4. Department of Computer Science, National University of Technology (NUTECH), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Iqbal

  5. Centres of Excellence in Science and Applied Technologies (CESAT), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Adeel

  6. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong

    Muhammad Adeel

  7. SEECS, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Salman Ghafoor

Authors
  1. Saeed Iqbal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Aadil Raza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohammad Kaleem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Muhammad Iqbal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Muhammad Adeel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Salman Ghafoor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed equally to this work.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Salman Ghafoor.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest or competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Iqbal, S., Raza, A., Kaleem, M. et al. A full duplex LG modes enabled millimeter-wave based FSO communication system for disaster zone. Wireless Netw 30, 961–971 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-023-03526-y

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-023-03526-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation