Abstract
Hospital facilities were limited in rural areas and there is no awareness about disease infection and so on. Hence, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology was designed in the health care industry to treat and save illiterate people from the harmful diseases. Recently, the health care system based on IoT technology became a huge demand in the online and medical industry. However, offering the protection frame for gathered data in cloud becomes a challenging task, because the cloud contains a lot of different patient data. To overcome this issue, the current research has designed a novel Elapid Encryption in cloud frame to secure the gathered data. Moreover, the security function is executed by encrypting the collected information in the cloud storage. Also, a novel generalized fuzzy intelligence and ant lion optimization model was developed for disease prediction and severity calculation. Hence, the developed design is implemented using MATLAB and its efficiency is compared with the existing approaches such as H-DT, DNN, and DTNNN. From the comparison, proposed model has finest and highest performance like high accuracy, precision, recall and confidential rate then lower error rate and processing time. Consequently, AUC value by the developed model is 89.8%, sensitivity rate as 99% and specificity rate as 97.8%, less error rate as 0.08, accuracy rate as 99.92% and 99.9% of precision, high recall measure as 99.92%, time consumption of the proposed model is 10 s.



















Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Data sharing not applicable to this article.
Abbreviations
- IoT:
-
Internet of Things
- EE:
-
Elapid encryption
- GFI-ALO:
-
Generalized fuzzy intelligence and ant lion optimization
- DoS:
-
Denial of service
- ALO:
-
Ant lion optimization
- AUC:
-
Area under curve
- H-DT:
-
Hybrid–decision tree
- DNN:
-
Deep neural network
- DTNNN:
-
Deep trained neocognitron neural network
- DESRP:
-
Data encryption standard based register permutation
- ESV-AES:
-
Enhanced-Small Scale Variant with Advanced Encryption Standard
- EBA:
-
Enhanced Blowfish Algorithm
References
Onasanya, A., Lakkis, S., & Elshakankiri, M. (2019). Implementing IoT/WSN based smart Saskatchewan healthcare system. Wireless Networks, 25, 3999–4020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-018-01931-2
Zang, J., & You, P. (2022). An industrial IoT-enabled smart healthcare system using big data mining and machine learning. Wireless Networks. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-022-03129-z
Onasanya, A., & Elshakankiri, M. (2021). Smart integrated IoT healthcare system for cancer care. Wireless Networks, 27, 4297–4312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-018-01932-1
Jabar, M. K., & Al-Qurabat, A. K. M. (2021). Human activity diagnosis system based on the internet of things. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1879(2), 022079. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1879/2/022079
Chhowa, T. T., Rahman, M. A., & Paul, A. K. (2019). A Narrative Analysis on Deep Learning in IoT based Medical Big Data Analysis with Future Perspectives. In 2019 international conference on electrical, computer and communication engineering (ECCE), IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECACE.2019.8679200
Asthana, S., Megahed, A., & Strong, R. (2017). A recommendation system for proactive health monitoring using IoT and wearable technologies. In 2017 IEEE international conference on ai & mobile services (AIMS), IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/AIMS.2017.11
Al-hajjar, A. L. N., & Al-Qurabat, A. K. M. (2023). Epileptic seizure detection using feature importance and ML classifiers. Journal of Education for Pure Science-University of Thi-Qar. https://doi.org/10.32792/jeps.v13i2.310
Shakeel, P. M., Baskar, S., Dhulipala, V. R. S., & Mishra, S. (2018). Maintaining security and privacy in health care system using learning based deep-Q-networks. Journal of Medical Systems, 42(10), 186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-1045-z
Peddoju, S. K., Upadhyay, H., & Bhansali, S. (2019). Health Monitoring with Low Power IoT Devices using Anomaly Detection Algorithm. In 2019 fourth international conference on fog and mobile edge computing (FMEC), IEEE.
Al-Hajjar, A. L. N., & Al-Qurabat, A. K. M. (2023). An overview of machine learning methods in enabling IoMT-based epileptic seizure detection. The Journal of Supercomputing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-023-05299-9
Mamun, M. I., Rahman, A., & Khaleque, M. A. (2019). AutiLife: a healthcare monitoring system for autism center in 5g cellular network using machine learning approach. In 2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/INDIN41052.2019.8972179
McWhorter, J., Brown, L., & Khansa, L. (2017). A wearable health monitoring system for posttraumatic stress disorder. Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures, 22, 44–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bica.2017.09.004
Raheem, R. A. A., & Al-Qurabat, A. K. M. (2022). Developing a predictive health care system for diabetes diagnosis as a machine learning-based web service. Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences, 30, 1–32.
Majumdar, N., Shukla, S., & Bhatnagar, A. (2019). Survey on applications of internet of things using machine learning. In 2019 9th international conference on cloud computing, data science & engineering (Confluence), IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/CONFLUENCE.2019.8776951
Abdulzahra, A. M. K., & Al-Qurabat, A. K. M. (2022). A clustering approach based on fuzzy C-means in wireless sensor networks for IoT applications. Karbala International Journal of Modern Science, 8(4), 2. https://doi.org/10.33640/2405-609X.3259
Bogdan, M., Kolany, A., Weber, U., & Elze, R. (2016). Computer aided multispectral ultrasound diagnostics brain health monitoring system based on acoustocerebrography. In XIV Mediterranean conference on medical and biological engineering and computing 2016, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32703-7_192
You, I., Yim, K., Sharma, V., & Choudhary, G. (2018). Misbehavior detection of embedded IoT devices in medical cyber physical systems. In 2018 IEEE/ACM international conference on connected health: applications, systems and engineering technologies (CHASE), IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1145/3278576.3278601
Abdulzahra, A. M. K., Al-Qurabat, A. K. M., & Abdulzahra, S. A. (2023). Optimizing energy consumption in WSN-based IoT using unequal clustering and sleep scheduling methods. Internet of Things. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2023.100765
Verma, P., & Sood, S. K. (2018). Fog assisted-IoT enabled patient health monitoring in smart homes. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 5(3), 1789–1796. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2018.2803201
Al-Qurabat, A. K. M., Mohammed, Z. A., & Hussein, Z. J. (2021). data traffic management based on compression and MDL techniques for smart agriculture in IoT. Wireless Personal Communications, 120(3), 2227–2258.
Subasi, A., Radhwan, M., & Kurdi, R. (2018). IoT based mobile healthcare system for human activity recognition. In 2018 15th learning and technology conference (L&T), IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/LT.2018.8368507
Al-Qurabat, A. K. M. (2021). A lightweight huffman-based differential encoding lossless compression technique in IoT for smart agriculture. International Journal of Computing and Digital System. https://doi.org/10.12785/ijcds/110109
Pandey, P. S. (2017). Machine learning and IoT for prediction and detection of stress. In 2017 17th international conference on computational science and its applications (ICCSA), IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSA.2017.8000018
Saeedi, I. D. I., & Al-Qurabat, A. K. M. (2022). Perceptually important points-based data aggregation method for wireless sensor networks. Baghdad Science Journal, 19(4), 0875–0875.
Granados, J., Chu, H., & Zou, Z. (2019). Towards workload-balanced, live deep learning analytics for confidentiality-aware Io Tmedical platforms. In 2019 IEEE international conference on artificial intelligence circuits and systems (AICAS), IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/AICAS.2019.8771558
Al-Qurabat, A. K. M., & Abdulzahra, S. A. (2020). An Overview of periodic wireless sensor networks to the internet of things. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/928/3/032055
Oti, O., Azimi, I., Anzanpour, A., & Rahmani, A. M. (2018). IoT-Based healthcare system for real-time maternal stress monitoring. In 2018 IEEE/acm international conference on connected health: applications, systems and engineering technologies (CHASE), IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1145/3278576.3278596
Al-Qurabat, A. K. M., Salman, H. M., & Finjan, A. A. R. (2022). Important extrema points extraction-based data aggregation approach for elongating the WSN lifetime. International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, 68(4), 357–368.
Rahmani, A. M., Gia, T. N., Negash, B., & Anzanpour, A. (2018). Exploiting smart e-Health gateways at the edge of healthcare Internet-of-Things: A fog computing approach. Future Generation Computer Systems, 78, 641–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.02.014
Firouzi, F., Rahmani, A. M., Mankodiya, K., & Badaroglu, M. (2018). Internet-of-Things and big data for smarter healthcare: From device to architecture, applications and analytics. Future Generation Computer Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.09.016
Pathinarupothi, R. K., Durga, P., & Rangan, E. S. (2018). Iot-based smart edge for global health: Remote monitoring with severity detection and alerts transmission. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(2), 2449–2462. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2018.2870068
Rajan, J. P., Rajan, S. E., Martis, R. J., & Panigrahi, B. K. (2020). Fog computing employed computer aided cancer classification system using deep neural network in internet of things based healthcare system. Journal of Medical Systems, 44(2), 34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-019-1500-5
Tuli, S., Basumatary, N., Gill, S. S., & Kahani, M. (2020). HealthFog: An ensemble deep learning based smart healthcare system for automatic diagnosis of heart diseases in integrated IoT and fog computing environments. Future Generation Computer Systems, 104, 187–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.10.043
Kaur, P., Kumar, R., & Kumar, M. (2019). A healthcare monitoring system using random forest and internet of things (IoT). Multimedia Tools and Applications, 78(14), 19905–19916. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-7327-8
Saini, R., Kumar, P., Kaur, B., Roy, P. P., & Dogra, D. P. (2019). Kinect sensor-based interaction monitoring system using the BLSTM neural network in healthcare. International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 10(9), 2529–2540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13042-018-0887-5
Ghosh, A., Raha, A., & Mukherjee, A. (2020). Energy-efficient IoT-health monitoring system using approximate computing. Internet of Things. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2020.100166
Ma, H. (2023). Reducing the consumption of household systems using hybrid deep learning techniques. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, 38, 100874.
Singh, P. D., Gaurav, D., & Rohit, S. (2022). Internet of things for sustaining a smart and secure healthcare system. Sustainable computing: informatics and systems, 33, 100622.
Mohiyuddin, A., Javed, A. R., & Chakraborty, C. (2022). Secure cloud storage for medical IoT data using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, 24, 1203–1215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40815-021-01104-y
Saeedi, I. D. I., & Al-Qurabat, A. K. M. (2022). An energy-saving data aggregation method for wireless sensor networks based on the extraction of extrema points. In AIP Conference Proceedings, (Vol. 2398, no. 1, p. 050004). AIP Publishing LLC.
Nedham, W. B., & Al-Qurabat, A. K. M. (2022). An improved energy efficient clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks. International Conference for Natural and Applied Sciences (ICNAS), 2022, 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNAS55512.2022.9944716
Hao, Y., Usama, M., Yang, J., & Hossain, M. S. (2019). Recurrent convolutional neural network based multimodal disease risk prediction. Future Generation Computer Systems, 92, 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.09.031
Abdulzahra, S. A., Al-Qurabat, A. K. M., & Idrees, A. K. (2021). Compression-based data reduction technique for IoT sensor networks. Baghdad Science Journal, 18(1), 184–98.
Verma, A., Agarwal, G., & Gupta, A. K. (2022). A novel generalized fuzzy intelligence-based ant lion optimization for internet of things based disease prediction and diagnosis. Cluster Computing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-022-03565-8
Muthu, B. A., Sivaparthipan, C. B., Manogaran, G., Sundarasekar, R., Kadry, S., Shanthini, A., & Dasel, A. (2020). IOT based wearable sensor for diseases prediction and symptom analysis in healthcare sector. Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, 13(6), 2123–2134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12083-019-00823-2
Reddy, T., Bhattacharya, S., Maddikunta, P. K. R., Hakak, S., Khan, W. Z., Bashir, A. K., Jolfaei, A., & Tariq, U. (2020). Antlion re-sampling based deep neural network model for classification of imbalanced multimodal stroke dataset. Multimedia Tools and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09988-y
Malathi, D., Logesh, R., & Subramaniyaswamy, V. (2019). Hybrid reasoning-based privacy-aware disease prediction support system. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 73, 114–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2018.11.009
Vijayashree, J., & Sultana, H. P. (2019). Heart disease classification using hybridized Ruzzo-Tompamemetic based deep trained Neocognitron neural network. Health and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12553-018-00292-2
Ahmadzadeh, A., Hajihassani, O., & Gorgin, S. (2018). A high-performance and energy-efficient exhaustive key search approach via GPU on DES-like cryptosystems. The Journal of Supercomputing, 74(1), 160–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-017-2120-9
Lavanya, R., & Karpagam, M. (2020). Enhancing the security of AES through small scale confusion operations for data communication. Microprocessors and Microsystems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103041
Gangireddy, V. K. R., Kannan, S., & Subburathinam, K. (2020). Implementation of enhanced blowfish algorithm in cloud environment. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-01765-x
Funding
No funding is provided for the preparation of manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors have equal contributions in this work.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Consent to participate
All the authors involved have agreed to participate in this submitted article.
Consent to publish
All the authors involved in this manuscript give full consent for publication of this submitted article.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Verma, A., Agarwal, G., Gupta, A.K. et al. An adaptive secure internet of things and cloud based disease classification strategy for smart healthcare industry. Wireless Netw 31, 879–897 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-024-03783-5
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-024-03783-5