Abstract
The bit error rate (BER) performance for high-speed personal communication service in tunnels with and without traffic is investigated. The impulse responses of tunnels for any transmitter–receiver location are computed by shooting and bouncing ray/image techniques. By using the impulse responses of these multipath channels, the BER performance of BPSK (binary phase shift keying) system with phase and timing recovery circuits are calculated. Numerical results have shown that the multipath effect by the vehicles in the tunnel is an important factor for BER performance. In addition, the effect of space diversity techniques and decision feedback equalizer on mitigating the multipath fading is also investigated.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P. Delogne, “EM Propagation in Tunnels,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 39, pp. 401–406, 1991.
H. Hashemi, “The Indoor Radio Propagation Channel”, Proc. IEEE, Vol. 81, pp. 943–968, 1993.
K. Pahlavan and A.H. Levesque, Wireless Information Networks, Wiley, 1995.
P. Delogne, “Basic Mechanisms of Tunnel Propagation”, Radio Science, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 295–303, 1976.
P. Degauque, B. Demoulin, J. Fontaine and R. Gabillard, “Theory and Experiment of a Mobile Radio Communication in Tunnels by Means of a Leaky Braided Coaxial Cable”, Radio Science, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 305–314, 1976.
D.A. Hill and J.R. Wait, “Calculated Transmission Loss for a Leaky Feeder Communication System in a Circular Tunnel”, Radio Science, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 315–321, 1976.
P. Delogne, Leaky Feeders and Subsurface Radio Communications, Stevage, U.K., 1982.
S.F. Mahmoud and J.R. Wait, “Guided Electromagnetic Waves in a Curved Rectangular Mine Tunnel”, Radio Science, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 567–572, 1974.
A.G. Emslie, R.L. Lagace and P.F. Strong, “Theory of the Propagation of UHF Radio Waves in Coal Mine Tunnels”, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 192–205, 1975.
J. Chiba, T. Inaba, Y. Kuwamoto, O. Banno and R. Sato, “Radio Communication in Tunnels”, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 439–443, 1978.
S.F. Mahmoud and J.R. Wait, “Geometrical Optical Approach for Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Rectangular Mine Tunnels”, Radio Science, Vol. 9, No. 12, pp. 1147–1158, 1974.
P. Mariage, M. Lienard and P. Degauque, “Theoretical and Experimental Approach of the Propagation of High Frequency Waves in Road Tunnels”, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 42, pp. 75–81, 1994.
J.S. Lamminmaki and J.A. Lempiainen, “Radio Propagation Characteristics in Curved Tunnels”, IEE Proc.-Microw. Antenna Propagat., Vol. 145, pp. 327–331, 1998.
T. Klemenschits and E. Bonek, “A Radio Coverage of Road Tunnels at 900 and 1800 MHz by Discrete Antenna”, 5th IEEE Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, pp. 411–415, September 1994.
Y. Yamaguchi, T. Abe and T. Sekiguchi, “Radio Wave Propagation Loss in the VHF to Microwave Region Due to Vehicles in Tunnels”, IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 87–91, Feb. 1989.
S.H. Chen and S.K. Jeng, “SBR/Image Approach for Radio Wave Propagation in Tunnels with and without Traffic”, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., Vol. 45, pp. 570–578, Aug. 1996.
Y.P. Zhang and Y. Hwang, “Theory of the Radio-Wave Propagation in Railway Tunnels”, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., Vol. 47, pp. 1027–1036, 1998.
Y. Hwang, Y.P. Zhang and R.G. Kouyoumjian, “Ray-Optical Prediction of Radio-Wave Propagation Characteristics in Tunnl Environments—Part 1: Theory”, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 46, pp. 1328–1336, 1998.
Y. Hwang, Y.P. Zhang and R.G. Kouyoumjian, “Ray-Optical Prediction of Radio-Wave Propagation Characteristics in Tunnl Environments—Part 2: Analysis and measurements”, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 46, pp. 1337–1345, 1998.
D. Didascalou, J. gen Maurer and W. Wiesbeck, “Subway Tunnel Guided Electromagnetic Wave Propagation at Mobile Communications Frequencies”, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 49, pp. 1590–1596, 2001.
J.C. Chuang, “The Effects of Multipath Delay Spread on Timing Recovery”, IEEE Tran. Veh. Technol., Vol. 35, pp. 135–140, 1987.
L.J. Greenstein and B.A. Czekaj-Augmn, “Performance Comparisons Among Digital Radio Technologies Subjected to Multipath Fading”, IEEE Trans. Commun., Vol. 30, pp. 1184–1197, 1982.
G. Yang, K. Pahlavan and T.J. Holt, “Sector Antenna and DFE Modems for High Speed Indoor Radio Communications”, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., Vol. 43, pp. 925–933, 1994.
K. Pahlavan, “Comparison Between the Performance of QPSK, SQPSK, QPR, and SQPR Systems Over Microwave LOS Channels”, IEEE Trans. Commun., Vol. 33, pp. 291–296, 1985.
R. Framjee and V.K. Prabhu, “Zero-Forcing Equalization for Space Diversity Combining in Microwave Digital Radio”, IEE Proc-Commun., Vol. 144, pp. 107–113, 1997.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Chien-Hung Chen was born in Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China, on 8 March 1971. He received the MSEE degree from Tamkang University in 1999. He is studying for Ph.D. degree in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Tamkang University. His current research interests include indoor wireless communications and numerical techniques in electromagnetics.
Chien-Ching Chiu was born in Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China, on 23 January 1963. He received the BSCE degree from National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, in 1985 and MSEE and PhD degrees from National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, in 1987 and 1991, respectively. From 1987 to1989, he served in the ROC Army Force as a communication officer. In 1992 he joined the faculty of the Department of Electrical Engineering, Tamkang University, where he is now an Professor. He was a visiting scholar at the MIT and University of Illinois, Urbana from 1998 to 1999. His current research interests include microwave imaging, numerical techniques in electromagnetics and indoor wireless communications.
Shi-Cheng Hung received the MSEE degree from Tamkang University in 1998. He is now a RF engineer. His current research interests include indoor wireless communications and numerical techniques in electromagnetics.
Chien-Hung Lin received the MSEE degree from Tamkang University in 2001. He is now a RF engineer. His current research interests include indoor wireless communications and numerical techniques in electromagnetics.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, CH., Chiu, CC., Hung, SC. et al. BER Performance of Wireless BPSK Communication System in Tunnels With and Without Traffic. Wireless Pers Commun 30, 1–12 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-004-1675-y
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-004-1675-y