Abstract
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems are highly sensitive to carrier frequency errors. In this paper, a new method utilizing pilots to do frequency synchronization in frequency domain is proposed with large estimation range. It needs no such prerequisite assumption that a perfect symbol timing synchronization [IEEE Transactions on Communications 42 (1994) 2908; 45 (1997) 1613] has been done before performing integer carrier frequency synchronization. Also, a new adjusting model for fine carrier frequency is proposed. Simulation and performance analysis show that our overall frequency estimator has high accuracy. The corresponding FPGA circuit through test in high definition TV (HDTV) prototype in Team of Expert Engineering Group (TEEG) in China proves its availability and feasibility.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
P.H. Moose, “A Technique for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Frequency Offset Correction”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 42, No. 10, pp. 2908–2914, 1994.
T.M. Schmidl and D.C. Cox, “Robust Frequency and Timing Synchronization for OFDM”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 45, No. l2, pp. 1613–1621, 1997.
European Telecommunication Standard ETS 300 744, “Digital Broadcasting Systems for Television, Sound and Data Services; Framing Structure, Channel Coding and Modulation for Digital Terrestrial Television”, May 1996.
H. Steendam and M. Moeneclaey, “Sensitivity of Multicarrier Systems to Synchronization Errors”, International Symposium on Signals, Systems and Electronics, ISSSE’O1, Tokyo, pp. 66–69, July 24–27, 2001.
L. Wei and C. Schlegel, “Synchronization Requirements for Multi-User OFDM on Satellite Mobile and Two-Path Rayleigh-Fading Channels”, IEEE Transactions On Communications, Vol. 43, No. 2/3/4, pp. 887–895, 1995.
T. Pollet, M. Van Bladel and M. Moeneclaey, “BER Sensitivity of OFDM Systems to Carrier Frequency Offset and Wiener Phase Noise”, IEEE Transactions On Communications, Vol. 43, No. 2/3/4, pp. 191–193, 1995.
H. Sari, G. Karam and I. Jeanclaude, “Transmission Techniques for Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting”, IEEE Communication Mag., Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 100–109, 1995.
K. Thomas, P. Lorenzo, M. Paolo and H. Lajos, “Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex Synchronization Techniques for Frequency-Selective Fading Channels”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 999–1007, 2001.
K. Bang, N. Cho, J. Cho, H. Jun, K. Kim, H. Park and D. Hong, “A Coarse Frequency Offset Estimation in an OFDM System Using the Concept of the Coherence Phase Bandwidth”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 49, No. 8, pp. 1320–1324, 2001.
H. Nagami and T. Nagashima, “A Frequency and Timing Period Acquisition Technique for OFDM Systems”, in Proceedings of 6th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC’95), Toronto, Canada, pp. 1010–1015, September 27–29, 1995.
J.J. van de Beek, M. Sandell and P.O. Börjesson, “ML Estimation of Time and Frequency Offset in OFDM Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 45, No. 7, pp. 1800–1805, 1997.
F. Daffara and A. Chouly, “Maximum-Likelihood Frequency Detectors for Orthogonal Multi-Carrier Systems”, in Proceedings of International Conference on Communication, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 766–771, May 1993.
U. Tureli and H. Liu, “Blind Carrier Synchronization and Channel Identification for OFDM Communications”, in Proceedings of IEEE ICASSP’98, Seattle, WA, pp. 3509–3512, May 1998.
J.J. Van de Beek, M. Sandell, M. Isaksson and M. Ola Borjesson, “Low-Complex Frame Synchronization in OFDM Systems”, in Proceedings of International Conference on Universal Personal Communications ICUPC’95, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 982–986, November 6–10, 1995.
IEEE P802.11a/D7.0, “DRAFT Suplement to STANDARD for Information Technology Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems—Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Specific Requirements—Part II: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications: High Speed Physical Layer in the 5~GHz Band”, July 1999.
B. Ai, J. Ge, Y. Wang, S.Y. Yang and P. Liu, “Decimal Frequency Offset Estimation in COFDM Wireless Communications”, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 154–158, 2004.
Y.R. Shayan and T.L. Ngoc, “All Digital Phase-Locked Loop: Concepts, Design and Application”, IEEE Proceedings, Vol. 136, Pt. F, No. l, 1989.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Bo Ai (M’2001) was born in Shannxi Province in China on February 7, 1974. He received a B.Sc. degree from Engineering Institute of Armed Police Force and a Master degree, a Ph.D degree from Xidian University in 1997, 2002 and 2004 in China respectively. He has once participated in the key research project on HDTV in TEEG (Team of Engineering Expert Group) of China, and has published over forty papers in his research area till now. He is senior member of Chinese Electronics Institute (CIE), an editorial commitee member of journal of “Computer Simulations”. His current interests are the research and applications of OFDM technique with emphasis on synchronization.
Jian-hua Ge was born in September, 1961 in JiangSu Province in China. He received the B.Sc., Master and Ph.D. degree from Xidian University in 1982, 1985 and 1989 respectively. He is now the professor in both Xidian University in Xi’an and Shanghai Jiaotong University in Shanghai. He is the senior member of Chinese Electronics Institute. He has won lots of scientific and technical prizes in China and published many papers. His interests are transmission communications and web security.
Yong Wang (M’2003) was born in Shannxi Province in China in 1976. He received a B.Sc. and Master degree from Xidian University in China in 1997 and 2002 respectively, and is now working towards the Ph.D. degree on communications in the Key Laboratory of ISN in Xidian University. He has once participated in the key research project on HDTV in TEEG of China and his interests are broadband multimedia communications.
Dian-fu Zhang was born in Shannxi Province in China in 1954. He received a B.Sc. degree from Xidian University in China in 1977. He is now working as a professor and the chairman of the telecommunication department in Engineering College of Armed Police Force. His interests are mobile communications.
Jun Liu was born in Beijing in China in 1963. He received his B.Sc. degree from Nanjing University Of Aeronautics and Astronautics in China in 1984. He is now a professor in Engineering College Of Armed Police Force. His research interests include integrated circuit design and artificial intelligence.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ai, B., Ge, JH., Zhang, DF. et al. Carrier Frequency Recovery Technique in OFDM Systems. Wireless Pers Commun 32, 177–188 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-005-2516-3
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-005-2516-3