Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sequence Number Aided Source Routing for Ad-Hoc Networks

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Wireless multihop mobile networks, also known as ad hoc networks, are characterized by stochastic topology variations. Random movements of mobile hosts in and out of each other's range encumber smooth system operation and impose limitations on the network performance. Various routing protocols suitable for such networks have been proposed however implementation and performance issues are still considered top research priorities. This paper proposes a new reactive protocol that introduces the use of sequence numbers for evaluating validity of cached routing information when source routing and route caching are used. The new protocol reduces the possibility of using and spreading across the network stale routing information therefore reduces the overhead involved in finding a route. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed protocol we compare it, through a detailed simulation model, with Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol which also uses source routing and route caching. Results prove that the proposed protocol effectively reduces use of stale routing information, improving performance compared to DSR in terms of both delivery ratio and routing overhead.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. C.E. Perkins and P. Bhagwat, “Highly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing (DSDV) for Mobile Computers”, ACM SIGCOMM '94, pp. 234–244.

  2. A. Iwata, C.-C. Chiang, G. Pei, M. Gerla, and T.-W. Chen, “Scalable Routing Strategies for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special Issue on Ad-Hoc Networks, Aug. 1999, pp. 1369–1379.

  3. T.-W. Chen and M. Gerla, “Global State Routing: A New Routing Scheme for Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks”, in Proc. of the IEEE ICC, 1998.

  4. Elizabeth M. Royer and Chai-Keong Toh, “A Review of Current Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks”, IEEE Personal Communications, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 46–55, April 1999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. M. Abolhasan, T. Wysocki, and E. Dutkiewicz, “A Review of Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”, Ad Hoc Networks, Vol. 2, pp. 1–22, 2004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Josh Broch, D.A. Maltz, D.B. Johnson, Y.C. Hu, and J. Jetcheva, “A Performance Comparison of Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols”, in Proceedings of the Fourth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'98), October 25–30, 1998, Dallas, Texas, USA.

  7. D. Johnson and D. Maltz, “Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks”, E. Imielinski and H. Korth (eds.), Mobile Computing, Norwell, MA: Kluwer, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Charles E. Perkins, Elizabeth M. Royer, and Samir R. Das, “Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing”, July 2003, RFC 3561, available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3561.txt.

  9. V.D. Park and M.S. Corson, “A Highly Adaptive Distributed Routing Algorithm for Mobile Wireless Networks”, in Proc. INFOCOM'97, April 1997.

  10. R. Dube, C.R. Rais, K.Y. Wang, and S. K. Tripathi, “Signal Stability Based Adaptive Routing for Ad Hoc Mobile Networks”, IEEE Pers. Comm., Feb. 1997, pp. 36–45.

  11. M. Gunes, U. Sorges, and I. Bouazizi, “ARA: The Ant Colony Based Routing Algorithm for Manets”, in ICPP Workshop on Ad Hoc Networks (IWAHN 2002), August 2002, pp. 79–85.

  12. S.R. Das, C.E. Perkins, and E.M. Royer, “Performance Comparison of Two On-Demand Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks”, in Proc. INFOCOM 2000, pp. 3–12.

  13. D.B. Johnshon, D.A. Maltz, and Yih-Chun Hu, “The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (DSR)”, July 2004, IETF Internet-Draft, available at http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-manet-dsr-10.txt.

  14. A. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003, ISBN: 0-13-0066102-3.

  15. S. Agarwal, A. Ahuja, J.P. Singh, and R. Shorey, “Route-Lifetime Assessment Based Routing (RABR) Protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks”, in Proc. ICC 2000, pp. 1697–1701.

  16. Z. Wang and J. Crowcroft, “Quality-of-Service Routing for Supporting Multimedia Applications”, IEEE JSAC, Vol. 14, No. 7, pp. 1228–1234, Sept. 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  17. D. Maltz, J. Broch, J. Jetcheva, and D. Johnson, “The Effects of On-Demand Behaviour in Routing Protocols for Multihop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 17, No. 8, pp. 1439–1453, August 1999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. IEEE Computer Society LAN MAN Standards Committee. Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, IEEE Std 802.11-1997. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, New York, 1997.

  19. V. Bharghavan, A. Demers, S. Shenker, and L. Zhang, “MACAW: A Media Access Protocol for Wireless LAN's”, in Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '94 Conference, August 1994, pp. 212–225.

  20. C. Santivanez, B. McDonald, I. Stavrakakis, and R. Ramanathan, “On the Scalability of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols”, in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM 2002.

  21. Cesar Santivanez, “Asymptotic Behavior of Mobile Ad Hoc Routing Protocols with Respect to Traffic, Mobility and Size”, Gender for Communications and Digital Signal Processing (CDSP), Technical Report, TR-CDSP-00-52, October 2000, available at http://www.cdsp.neu.edu/info/students/cesar/analysis.ps.gz.

  22. S. Corson and J. Macker, “Mobile Ad hoc Networking (MANET): Routing Protocol Performance Issues and Evaluation Considerations”, January 1999, RFC 2501, available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2501.txt.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina, 45110, Greece

    E. Papapetrou

  2. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Telecommunications Division, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece

    F.-N. Pavlidou

Authors
  1. E. Papapetrou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. F.-N. Pavlidou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. Papapetrou.

Additional information

Evangelos Papapetrou holds a Diploma and a Ph.D. in Electrical & Computer Engineering from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. He is currently a visiting lecturer in the Computer Science Department at the University of Ioannina, Greece, where he is engaged in teaching and research on Mobile and Satellite Communications and Telecommunications Networks. His research interests include traffic analysis and design of Satellite networks, Internet over Satellites, IP networking, routing in networks with periodic or stochastic varying topologies, MANETs and QoS in wireless mobile systems. He has served as a reviewer in several journals and Conferences relevant to mobile communications. In the past he has participated in Greek and European projects regarding satellite communications. He was also involved in COST Actions 253 and 272 and in many European projects undertaken by the Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH). He is a Member of IEEE and the Joint VTS & AES Greece Chapter and a member of Technical Chamber of Greece.

Fotin-Niovi Pavlidou holds a Diploma and a Ph.D. in Telecommunications networks from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki where she is currently engaged in teaching and research on Mobile Communications and Telecommunications Networks. Her research interests include traffic analysis and design of networks, performance evaluation and QoS studies of mobile satellite communications and multimedia applications over Internet. She is a permanent reviewer in IEEE journals, she has served as Guest-Editor of Special issues on “Ad-Hoc Networks”, “HAPs and applications”, “PLC Systems and Applications” for International Journals like IJWIN, WPC etc. She is the author of a Chapter on Fixed Access Techniques (TDMA/FDMA) in the Wiley Encyclopedia on Telecommunications (Editor:Prof. John Proakis), and of many editions of COST Actions on “Satellite Systems”, “Spread Spectrum Techniques” etc. She is the Delegate of Greece in the European COST Program on Telecommunications (1998–2004) and served as Chairperson for the COST262 Action “Spread Spectrum systems and techniques for wired and wireless Systems”. She is permanently included in the Program Committee of many IEEE conferences (PIMRC, GLOBECOM, VTC'2001, ISSSTA'2000) and she was the Chairperson of the IST Mobile Summit 2002, the annual conference of EU-Unit E4 in the field of Wireless Communications in Thessaloniki, June 16–20, 2002. She is involved in many European Projects (research or Education): Telematics Applications (INTERVUSE, ATTACH, etc.), IST (ISMAEL, B-Bone, SatNEx, OPERA, etc.), Tempus programs on Wireless Systems for Albania, Bulgaria, Poland. She is a Senior Member of IEEE (Communications and Vehicular Technology Society), currently chairing the Joint VTS & AES Greece Chapter.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Papapetrou, E., Pavlidou, FN. Sequence Number Aided Source Routing for Ad-Hoc Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 34, 91–107 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-005-8728-8

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-005-8728-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation