Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Performance of receive diversity and LMMSE chip equalization in WCDMA HSDPA network

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

More advanced receiver structures than the conventional single antenna Rake can be used to improve the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios, which is especially beneficial in order to utilize the high bit rates provided by the HSDPA concept in Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) network. In WCDMA system, orthogonal Walsh–Hadamard sequences are used as channelization codes. In frequency-selective fading channels the orthogonality of channelization codes disappears and intra-cell multiple access interference (MAI) arises. In order to mitigate the effect of MAI, chip-level equalization has shown to be a simple and effective solution. The effectiveness of chip equalization, however, degrades at the cell borders where the inter-cell interference dominates rather than MAI. Dual antenna reception is a straight-forward solution to mitigate that performance drop. In this paper, we present an analysis of the expected gains of advanced receivers over conventional single antenna Rake receiver in realistic situations by using a dynamic WCDMA system-level tool. Considered advanced receivers include single and dual antenna Linear Minimum Mean Squared Error (LMMSE) chip-level equalizers and dual antenna Rake receiver. The network performance with advanced receivers is studied also from a more practical point of view by assuming that the penetration of advanced HSDPA terminal receivers is gradually increased in the network.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Holma H., Toskala A., eds., (2002). WCDMA for UMTS 2nd edition. New York, Wiley Ltd

    Google Scholar 

  2. K. Hooli, Equalization in WCDMA Terminals, Ph.D. dissertation, Oulu: University of Oulu, 2003.

  3. J. Ramiro-Moreno, K. I. Pedersen, and P. E. Mogensen, “Radio Resource Management for WCDMA Networks Supporting Dual Antenna Terminals”, in IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC) 2002 Spring, Birmingham, USA, pp. 694–698, 2002.

  4. M. Ventola, E. Tuomaala, and P. A. Ranta, “Performance of Dual Antenna Diversity Reception in WCDMA Terminals”, in IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC) 2003 Spring, Jeju, Korea, pp. 1035–1040, 2003.

  5. Y.-P. E. Wang, J.-F. Cheng, and E. Englund, “The Benefits of Advanced Receivers for High-Speed Data Communications in WCDMA”, in IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference 2002 Fall, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 132–136, 2002.

  6. R. Love, K. Stewart, R. Bachu, and A. Ghosh, “MMSE Equalization for UMTS HSDPA”, in Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC’03 - Fall), Orlando, USA, pp. 2416 – 2420, 2003.

  7. A. Pollard and M. J. Heikkilä, “A System Level Evaluation of Multiple Antenna Schemes for High-Speed Downlink Packet Access”, in Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1732–1735, 2004.

  8. J. Ramiro-Moreno, K. I. Pedersen, and P. E. Mogensen, “Network Performance of Transmit and Receive Antenna Diversity in HSDPA Under Different Packet Scheduling Strategies”, in 57th semiannual IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference 2003 Spring, Jeju, Korea, pp. 1454–1458, 2003.

  9. T. P. Krauss and M. D. Zoltowski, “Oversampling Diversity versus Dual Antenna Diversity for Chip-Level Equalization on CDMA Downlink”, in IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop, Cambridge, USA, pp. 47–51, 2000.

  10. T. P. Krauss, M. D. Zoltowski, and G. Leus, “Simple MMSE Equalizers for CDMA Downlink to Restore Chip Sequence: Comparison to Zero-Forcing and rake”, in IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 2865–2868, 2000.

  11. P. Komulainen, “Space-Time Equalization for Interference Suppression in CDMA Terminals”, in Finnish Wireless Communications Workshop (FWCW), Oulu, Finland, 2000.

  12. “SINR computation in system simulations with multipath channels and arbitrary linear FIR space-time receivers”, 3GPP-3GPP2 spatial channel modelling ad hoc SCM-AHG SCM-105, Lucent Technologies, January 2003.

  13. S. Hämäläinen, H. Holma, and K. Sipilä, “Advanced WCDMA Radio Network Simulator”, in Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Osaka, Japan, pp. 951–955, 1999.

  14. S. Hämäläinen, WCDMA Radio Network Performance, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Jyväskylä, 2003.

  15. Physical layer aspects of UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access, 3rd Generation Partnership Project, Technical Specification Group, Radio Access Network, Working Group 4 TS25.848, Rev. v4.0.0, 2001.

  16. D. Chase, “Code combining – A Maximum-Likelihood Decoding Approach for Combining an Arbitrary Number of Noisy Packets”, IEEE transactions on communications, vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 385–393, 1985.

  17. Selection procedures for the choice of radio transmission technologies of the UMTS, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) TR101.112, Rev. v3.2.0, 1997.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Magister Solutions Ltd, c/o Mattilanniemi 6–8, 40101, Jyväskylä, Finland

    Timo Nihtilä & Janne Kurjenniemi

  2. Nokia, P.O. Box 50, 90571, Oulu, Finland

    Marko Lampinen

  3. Institute of Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O.Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland

    Tapani Ristaniemi

Authors
  1. Timo Nihtilä
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Janne Kurjenniemi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Marko Lampinen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Tapani Ristaniemi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Janne Kurjenniemi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nihtilä, T., Kurjenniemi, J., Lampinen, M. et al. Performance of receive diversity and LMMSE chip equalization in WCDMA HSDPA network. Wireless Pers Commun 43, 261–280 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-006-9220-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-006-9220-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation