Abstract
Mobile IP has been developed by IETF to handle mobility of Internet hosts at the network layer. Mobile IP suffers from a number of drawbacks, including low survivability due to single-point failure of Home Agents. Recently, Seamless IP diversity based Generalized Mobility Architecture (SIGMA) was proposed to support low latency, low packet loss mobility of IP hosts. In this paper, we show that the location management scheme used in SIGMA enhances the survivability of the SIGMA-based mobile network. We develop an analytical model to evaluate and compare the survivability of SIGMA with that of Mobile IP. Numerical results show the improvement in system response time and service blocking probability of SIGMA over Mobile IP in the presence of hardware failures and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Atiquzzaman, M., Reaz, A., Fu, S., & Ivancic, W. (2005). Location management of sigma. In NASA earth science technology conference. Maryland, June 2005.
Awerbuch, B., & Peleg, D. Concurrent online tracking of mobile users. In ACM SIGCOMM symposium on communications, architectures and protocols (pp. 221–233). September 1991.
Bush, R., Karrenberg, D., Kosters, M., & Plzak, R. (2000). Root name server operational requirements. IETF RFC 2870, June 2000.
Chang R.K.C. (2002). Defending against flooding-based distributed denial-of-service attacks: A tutorial. IEEE Communications Magazine 40(10): 42–51
Fu S., Atiquzzaman M. (2004). SCTP: State of the art in research, products, and technical challenges. IEEE Communications Magazine 42(4): 64–76
Fu S., Atiquzzaman M., Ma L., Lee Y. (2005). Signaling cost and performance of SIGMA: A seamless handover scheme for data networks. Journal of Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 5(7): 825–845
Jan, R., Raleigh, T., Yang, D., & Chang L. F. et al. Enhancing survivability of mobile Internet access using mobile IP with location registers. In IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 3–11, March 1999.
Koh, S. J., Lee, M. J., Ma, M. L., & Tuexen, M. (2004). Mobile SCTP for Transport Layer Mobility. draft-sjkoh-sctp-mobility-03.txt, February 2004.
Lin J.W., Arul J. (2003). An efficient fault-tolerant approach for Mobile IP in wireless systems. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2(3): 207–220
Maltz, D. A., & Bhagwat, P. (1998). MSOCKS: An architecture for transport layer mobility. In INFOCOM (pp. 1037–1045). San Francisco, USA, March 1998.
Meyer J. (1980). On evaluating the performability of degradable computing systems. IEEE Transactions on Computers 29(8): 720–731
Meyer J. (1982). Closed-form solutions of performability. IEEE Transactions on Computers 31(7): 648–657
Perkins, C. E. (ed.) (2002). IP Mobility Support. IETF RFC 3344, August 2002.
Reaz, A., Fu, S., & Atiquzzaman, M. (2005). Lperformance of dns as a location manager for mobile networks. In IEEE electro/information technology conference, Lincoln, NE, May 2005.
Snoeren, A. C., & Balakrishnan, H. (2000). An end-to-end approach to host mobility. In ACM MobiCom (pp. 155–166). Boston, MA, August 2000
Stevens, W. R. (1994). TCP/IP Illustrated, Vol 1 (The Protocols), Addison Wesley, November 1994.
Vixie, P., Thompson, S., Rekhtar, Y., & Bound, J. (1997). Dynamic updates in the domain name system (DNS update). IETF RFC 2136.
Xing, W., Karl, H., & Wolisz, A. (2002). M-SCTP: Design and prototypical implementation of an end-to-end mobility concept. In 5th international workshop on the internet challenge: Technology and applications. Berlin, Germany, October 2002.
You, T., Pack, S., & Choi, Y. (2003). Robust hierarchical mobile IPv6 (RH-MIPv6): an enhancement for survivability and fault-tolerance in mobile IP systems. In IEEE 58th vehicular technology conference (pp. 2014–2018). October Fall 2003.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The research reported in this paper was funded by NASA Grants NAG3-2922 and NNX06AE44G
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fu, S., Atiquzzaman, M. Survivability evaluation of SIGMA and mobile IP. Wireless Pers Commun 43, 933–944 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-007-9267-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-007-9267-2