Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Power-Aware Multicast Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks With Mobility Prediction

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a dynamically reconfigurable wireless network that does not have a fixed infrastructure. Due to the high mobility of nodes, the network topology of MANETs changes very fast, making it more difficult to find the routes that message packets use. Because mobile nodes have limited battery power, it is therefore very important to use energy in a MANET efficiently. In this paper, we propose a power-aware multicast routing protocol (PMRP) with mobility prediction for MANETs. In order to select a subset of paths that provide increased stability and reliability of routes, in routing discovery, each node receives the RREQ packet and uses the power-aware metric to get in advance the power consumption of transmitted data packets. If the node has enough remaining power to transmit data packets, it uses the global positioning system (GPS) to get the location information (i.e., position, velocity and direction) of the mobile nodes and utilizes this information to calculate the link expiration time (LET) between two connected mobile nodes. During route discovery, each destination node selects the routing path with the smallest LET and uses this smallest link expiration time as the route expiration time (RET). Each destination node collects several feasible routes and then selects the path with the longest RET value as the primary routing path. Then the source node uses these routes between the source node and each destination node to create a multicast tree. In the multicast tree, the source node will be the root node and the destination nodes will be the leaf nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed PMRP outperforms MAODV (Royer, E. M. & Perkins, C. E. (1999). In Proceedings of the ACM MOBICOM, pp. 207–218, August 1999.) and RMAODV (Baolin, S. & Layuan, L. (2005). In Proceeding of the 2005 IEEE International symposium on microwave antenna, propagation and EMC technologies for wireless communications, Vol. 2, pp. 1514–1517, August 2005.).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bakhru, K. (2005). A seamless tracking solution for indoor and outdoor position location. In Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international symposium on personal, indoor and mobile radio communications, Vol. 3, pp. 2029–2033, September 2005.

  2. Baolin, S., & Layuan, L. (2005). On the reliability of MAODV in ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE international symposium on microwave, antenna, propagation and EMC technologies for wireless communications, Vol. 2, pp. 1514–1517, August 2005.

  3. Cheng, W.-H., Wen, C.-Y., & Feng, K.-T. (2006). Power-controlled hybrid multicast routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceeding of the tenth IEEE 63th vehicular technology conference, pp.1087–1089, October 2006.

  4. Das, S. K., Manoj, B. S., & Murthy, C. S. R. (2002). A dynamic core based multicast routing protocol for ad hoc wireless network. In Proceedings of the third ACM international symposium on mobile ad hoc networking and computing, pp. 24–35, June 2002.

  5. Dommety, G., & Jain, R. (1996). Potential networking applications of global positioning system (GPS). Technical Report TR-24, Computer Science Department, The Ohio State University, April 1996.

  6. Djuknic, G. M., Richton, R. E. (2001). Geolocation and assisted GPS. Computer, 34(2), 123–125, February 2001.

  7. Goel, A., & Sharma, A. K. (2006). A power managed based multicast routing protocol for mobile ad hoc network. In Proceedings of the 2006 IFIP international conference on wireless and optical communications networks, pp. 5–9, April 2006.

  8. Gopalsamy, T., Singhal, M., Panda, D., & Sadayappan, P. (2002). A reliable multicast algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE international conference on distributed computing systems, pp. 563–570, July 2–5.

  9. Heinzelman, W. R., Chandrakasan, A., & Baladrishnan, H. (2000). Energy-efficient routing protocols for microsensor networks. Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii international conference on system sciences, Vol. 8, pp. 1–10, January 2000.

  10. Jaikaeo, C., Sridhara, V., & Shen, C.-C. (2006). Energy Conserving Multicast for MANET with Swarm Intelligence. In Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on a world of wireless, mobile and multimedia networks, pp. 7–11, June 2006.

  11. Kaplan E.D. (1996). Understanding GPS: Principles and applications. Boston, Artech Hourse, MA

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kim, K. I., Mo, H. S., Baek, I. C., Shin, J. B., & Kim, S. H. (2003). Robust and cost-efficient group communication using overlay multicast in mobile ad hoc networks. In 2003 IEEE global telecommunications conference (GLOBECOM), Vol. 2, pp. 713–717, December 2003.

  13. Kin, D., Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. J., & Obraczka, K. (2002). Power-aware routing based on the energy drain rate for mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer communications and networks, pp. 565–569, October 2002.

  14. Lee, S. J., Gerla, M., & Chiang, C. C. (1999). On demand multicast routing protocol. In Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE WCNC, pp. 1298–1302, September 1999.

  15. Liang W. (2006). Approximate minimum-energy multicasting in wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 5(4): 377–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Liang W., Guo X. (2006). Online multicasting for network capacity maximization in energy-constrained ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 5(9): 1215–1227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Liao W., Jiang M.Y. (2003). Family ACK tree (FAT): Supporting reliable multicast in mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 52, 1675–1685, November 2003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Liu, B. H., Tsai, M. J., & Ko, W. C. (2005). Dynamical construction of a core-based group-shared multicast tree in mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 19th international conference on advanced information networking and applications, Vol. 1, pp. 90–95, March 2005.

  19. Lynn, G. H. (2004). Robust multicasting using an underlying link state unicast protocol. In Proceedings of the 37th hawaii international conference on system sciences, pp. 7–11, January 2004.

  20. Macker J.P., Corson M.S. (1998). Mobile ad hoc networking and the IETF. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Reviews 2(2): 9–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Pathan, A. S. K., Alam, M. M., Monowar, M. M., & Rabbi, M. F. (2004). An efficient routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks with neighbor awareness and multicasting. Proceedings of the E-Tech 2004, pp. 97–100, July 2004.

  22. Perkins, C. E., & Royer, E. (1999). Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing. In Proceedings of the second IEEE workshop on mobile computing system and application, New Orleans, LA, USA, pp. 90–100, February 1999.

  23. Rappaport T.S. (1995). Wireless communications: Principles and practice. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice-Hall

    Google Scholar 

  24. Royer, E. M., & Perkins, C. E. (1999). Multicast operation of the ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol. In Proceedings of the ACM MOBICOM, pp. 207–18, August 1999.

  25. Scott, K., & Banmbos, N. (1996). Routing and channel assignment for low power transmission in PCS. In Proceedings of the international fifth ICUPC conference on universal personal communications, Vol. 2, pp. 368–369, October 1996.

  26. Singh, S., Woo, M., & Raghavendra, C. S. (1998). Power-aware with routing in mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE international conference on mobile computing and networking, pp. 181–190, October 1998.

  27. Toh C.K. (2001). Maximum battery life routing to support ubiquitous mobile computing in wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE Communications Magazine 39(6): 138–147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Toh, C. K., Cobb, H., & Scott, D. A. (2001). Performance evaluation of battery-life-aware routing schemes for wireless ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE international conference on communications, pp. 2824–2829, June 2001.

  29. Vaishampayan, R., & Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. J. (2004). Robust tree-based multicasting in ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International conference on performance, computing, and communications, pp. 647–652, 2004.

  30. Xiong, X., Nguyen, U. T., & Nguyen, H. L. (2006). Preemptive multicast routing in mobile ad-hoc networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE 2006 international conference on networking, international conference on systems and international conference on mobile communications and learning technologies. pp. 23–29, April 2006.

  31. Yang, W.-L. (2005). Constructing energy-efficient multicast trees with delay constraints in ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 19th international conference on advanced information networking and applications, pp. 414–419, March 2005.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National United University, Miao-Li, 360, Taiwan, R.O.C.

    Nen-Chung Wang

  2. Graduate Institute of Networking and Communication Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 413, Taiwan, R.O.C.

    Jong-Shin Chen & Yung-Fa Huang

  3. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 413, Taiwan, R.O.C.

    Yu-Li Su

Authors
  1. Nen-Chung Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jong-Shin Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yung-Fa Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yu-Li Su
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nen-Chung Wang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wang, NC., Chen, JS., Huang, YF. et al. A Power-Aware Multicast Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks With Mobility Prediction. Wireless Pers Commun 43, 1479–1497 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-007-9321-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-007-9321-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation