Abstract
In a mobile communications network, the uneven spatial distribution of traffic demand can be dealt with by redefining cell service areas. When resizing cells, network operators often aim at equalizing call blocking rates throughout the network in the hope that this will maximize the total carried traffic in the network. In this paper, an analytical teletraffic model for the traffic sharing problem in GSM-EDGE radio access network (GERAN) is presented. From this model, a closed-form expression is derived for the optimal traffic sharing criterion between cells. Using this expression, it can be shown that balancing call blocking rate between adjacent cells is not the optimal strategy. Results show that using the optimal traffic sharing criterion instead of balancing blocking rates across the network can increase network capacity, even under restrictions in the cell resizing process.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- CAC:
-
Call Admission Control
- CDMA:
-
Code Division Multiple Access
- FDMA:
-
Frequency Division Multiple Access
- GERAN:
-
GSM-EDGE Radio Access Network
- GOS:
-
Grade Of Service
- GSM:
-
Global System for Mobile communications
- EDGE:
-
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
- HOC:
-
HandOver Control
- OFDMA:
-
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
- TDMA:
-
Time Division Multiple Access
- RRM:
-
Radio Resource Management
- WCDMA:
-
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
References
Radio access network; Radio subsystem link control. (Nov 2001). In 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP), TR 45.008.
Karlsson J., Eklund B. (1989) A cellular mobile telephone system with load sharing—An enhancement of directed retry. IEEE Transactions on Communications 37(5): 530–535
Toril M., Ferrer R., Pedraza S., Wille V., Escobar J. J. (2005) Optimization of half-rate codec assignment in GERAN. Wireless Personal Communications 34(3): 321–331
Toril M., Wille V. (2008) Optimization of handover parameters for traffic sharing in GERAN. Wireless Personal Communications 47(3): 315–336
Kojima, J., & Mizoe, K. (March 1984). Radio mobile communication system wherein probability of loss of calls is reduced without a surplus of base station equipment. U.S. Patent 4435840.
Wille V., Toril M., Barco R. (2005) Impact of antenna downtilting on network performance in GERAN systems. IEEE Communications Letters 9(7): 598–600
Toril, M., Pedraza, S., Ferrer, R., & Wille, V. (Feb 2005). Optimization of signal level thresholds in mobile networks. In Proceedings of 55th IEEE vehicular technology conference (VTC) (Vol. 4).
Papaoulakis, N., Nikitopoulos, D., & Kyriazakos, S. (June 2003). Practical radio resource management techniques for increased mobile network performance. In 12th IST mobile and wireless communications summit.
Wille V., Pedraza S., Toril M., Ferrer R., Escobar J. (2003) Trial results from adaptive hand-over boundary modification in GERAN. Electronics Letters 39(4): 405–407
Hong D., Rappaport S. S. (1986) Traffic model and performance analysis for cellular mobile radio telephone systems with prioritized and nonprioritized handoff procedures. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 35(3): 77–92
Guerin R. (1988) Queueing-blocking system with two arrival streams and guard channels. IEEE Transactions on Communications 36(2): 153–163
Rappaport S. S. (1993) Blocking, hand-off and traffic performance for cellular communications with mixed platforms. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 140: 389–401
Orlik P. V., Rappaport S. S. (1998) A model for teletraffic performance and channel holding time characterization in wireless cellular communication with general session and dwell time distributions. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 16(5): 788–803
Louvros S., Pylarinos J., Kotsopoulos S. (2007) Mean waiting time analysis in finite storage queues for wireless cellular networks. Wireless Personal Communications 40(2): 145–155
Rappaport, S. (May 1990). The multiple-call hand-off problem in high-capacity cellular communications systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE 40th vehicular technology conference (VTC) (pp. 287–294).
Li W., Alfa A. S. (1999) A PCS network with correlated arrival process and splitted-rating channels. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 17(7): 1318–1325
Tran-Gia P., Mandjes M. (1997) Modeling of customer retrial phenomenon in cellular mobile networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 15(8): 1406–1414
Alfa A. S., Li W. (2002) PCS networks with correlated arrival process and retrial phenomenon. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 1(4): 630–637
Fang Y (2003) Thinning schemes for call admission control in wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Computers 52(5): 685–687
Wang J., Zeng Q., Agrawal D. (2003) Performance analysis of a preemptive and priority reservation handoff algorithm for integrated service-based wireless mobile networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2(1): 65–75
Chen I.-R., Yilmaz O., Yen I.-L. (2006) Admission control algorithms for revenue optimization with QoS guarantees in mobile wireless networks. Wireless Personal Communications 38(3): 357–376
Rappaport S., Hu L.-R. (1994) Microcellular communication systems with hierarchical macrocell overlays: traffic performance models and analysis. Proceedings of the IEEE 82(9): 1383–1397
Fitzpatrick P., Lee C. S., Warfield B. (1997) Teletraffic performance of mobile radio networks with hierarchical cells and overflow. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 15(8): 1549–1557
Staehle, D., & Mäder, A. (Sept 2003). An analytic approximation of the uplink capacity in a UMTS network with heterogeneous traffic. In 18th international teletraffic congress (ITC) (pp. 81–91).
Iversen, V., Benetis, V., Ha, N., Ha, V., & Stepanov, S. (Sept 2004). Evaluation of multi-service CDMA networks with soft blocking. In Proceedings of the 16th international teletraffic congress (ITC) specialist seminar (pp. 212–216).
Wang, H., & Iversen, V. (May 2008). Erlang capacity of multi-class TDMA systems with adaptive modulation and coding. In Proceedings oe the IEEE international conference on communications (ICC) (pp. 115–119).
Ganz A., Krishna C., Tang D., Haas Z. (1997) On optimal design of multitier wireless cellular systems. IEEE Communications Magazine 35(2): 88–93
Chen, H., Zeng, Q.-A., & Agrawal, D. P. (Sept 2002). A novel analytical model for optimal channel partitioning in the next generation integrated wireless and mobile networks. In Proceedings of the 5th ACM international workshop on modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems (MSWiM) (pp. 120–127).
Chandra, C., Jeanes, T., & Leung, W. (May 1997). Determination of optimal handover boundaries in a cellular network based on traffic distribution analysis of mobile measurement reports. In Proceedings of the IEEE 47th vehicular technology conference (VTC) 1 (pp. 305–309).
Steuer, J., & Jobmann, K. (July 2002) The use of mobile positioning supported traffic density measurements to assist load balancing methods based on adaptive cell sizing. In Proceedings of the 13th IEEE international symposium on personal indoor and mobile radio communications (PIMRC) (Vol. 3, pp. 339–343).
Eisenblatter, A., & Geerdes, H.-F. (Sept 2008). Capacity optimization for UMTS: Bounds and benchmarks for interference reduction. In Proceedings of the IEEE 19th international symposium on personal, indoor and mobile radio communications (PIMRC) (pp. 607–610).
Frost V., Melamed B. (1994) Traffic modeling for telecommunications networks. IEEE Communications Magazine 32(3): 70–81
Everitt D. (1994) Traffic engineering of the radio interface for cellular mobile networks. Proceedings of the IEEE 82(9): 1371–1382
Evans J., Everitt D. (1999) On the teletraffic capacity of CDMA cellular networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 48(1): 153–165
Jagerman D. L. (1974) Some properties of the erlang loss function. Bell System Technical Journal 53(3): 525–551
Foschini G., Gopinath B., Miljanic Z. (1993) Channel cost of mobility. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 42(4): 414–424
Yum T., Yeung K. (1995) Blocking and handoff performance analysis of directed retry in cellular mobile systems. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 44(3): 645–650
Heredia-Ureta H., Cruz-Perez F., Ortigoza-Guerrero L. (2003) Capacity optimization in multiservice mobile wireless networks with multiple fractional channel reservation. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 52(6): 1519–1539
Pla V., Martínez J., Casares-giner V. (2009) Efficient computation of optimal capacity in multiservice mobile wireless networks. In: Kouvatsos D. (eds) Traffic and Performance Engineering for Heterogeneous Networks. River Publishers, Aalborg, Denmark
Khan, F., & Zeghlache, D. (May 1997). Effect of cell residence time distribution on the performance of cellular mobile networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE 47th vehicular technology conference (VTC) (Vol. 2, pp. 949–953).
Orlik P. V., Rappaport S. S. (2001) On the handoff arrival process in cellular communications. Wireless Networks 7(2): 147–157
Wigard, J., Nielsen, T., Michaelsen, P., & Morgensen, P. (July 1999) On a handover algorithm in a PCS1900/GSM/DCS1800 network. In Proceedings of the IEEE 49th vehicular technology conference (VTC) (Vol. 3, pp. 2510–2514).
Kourtis, S., & Tafazolli, R. (May 2002) Downlink shared channel: An effective way for delivering internet services in UMTS. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on 3G mobile communication technologies (pp. 479–483).
MATLAB Optimization Toolbox 4, User’s Guide. The MathWorks, 2008.
Aurenhammer F. (1991) Voronoi diagrams–a survey of a fundamental geometric data structure. ACM Computing Surveys 23(3): 345–405
Iversen, V., Stepanov, S. N., & Kostrov, V. (Feb 2004) The derivation of stable recursion for multi-service models. In Proceedings of the next generation teletraffic and wired–wireless advanced networking (NEW2AN) (pp. 254–259).
Iversen, V. B. & Stepanov, S. N. (Sept 2007). Derivatives of blocking probabilities for multi-service loss systems and their applications. In Proceedings of the next generation teletraffic and wired–wireless advanced networking (NEW2AN) (pp. 260–268).
Delbrouck L. (1983) On the steady-state distribution in a service facility carrying mixtures of traffic with different peakedness factors and capacity requirements. IEEE Transactions on Communications 31(11): 1209–1211
Krishnan K. (1990) The convexity of loss rate in an Erlang loss system and sojourn in an Erlang delay system with respect to arrival and service rates. IEEE Transactions on Communications 38(9): 1314–1316
Rao S. (1996) Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York, USA
Stefanov S. M. (2001) Convex separable minimization subject to bounded variables. Computational Optimization and Applications 18(1): 27–48
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Luna-Ramírez, S., Toril, M., Fernández–Navarro, M. et al. Optimal Traffic Sharing in GERAN. Wireless Pers Commun 57, 553–574 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-009-9861-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-009-9861-6