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Beam Forming Networks Using Reduced Size Butler Matrix

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Abstract

Recent trend shows that the reduced size couplers are becoming potential building blocks and have created a continuing demand for the growing wireless communications market. Therefore, this paper presents a new design and realization for reducing the size of the branch-line coupler using eight two-step stubs that operates at 2.45 GHz. In this study, the reduced size branch-line coupler has been implemented on a 4 × 4 Butler Matrix, which generally consists of branch-line coupler, crossover, and phase shifter. The simulation results are obtained by using the advanced design system (ADS) in terms of S-Parameter analysis and the phase difference between the ports. Moreover, this design is realized on a low-cost substrate, e.g., flame resistance board (FR4 Board). The obtained results show that the proposed design has reduced the electrical length of transmission line up to 50% and consequently, the area of the branch-line coupler has been reduced up to 30% from the normal size.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wireless Communication Centre, Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Skudai, Malaysia

    N. A. Muhammad, S. K. A. Rahim, N. M. Jizat & T. A. Rahman

  2. Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Multimedia University, Jalan Ayer Keroh Lama, Bukit Beruang, 75450, Melaka, Malaysia

    K. G. Tan

  3. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    A. W. Reza

Authors
  1. N. A. Muhammad
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  2. S. K. A. Rahim
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  3. N. M. Jizat
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  4. T. A. Rahman
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  5. K. G. Tan
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  6. A. W. Reza
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Correspondence to A. W. Reza.

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Muhammad, N.A., Rahim, S.K.A., Jizat, N.M. et al. Beam Forming Networks Using Reduced Size Butler Matrix. Wireless Pers Commun 63, 765–784 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-010-0164-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-010-0164-8

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