Abstract
Route optimization (RO) developed for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) aims at reducing the packet transmission cost. However, as we present in this paper, the RO procedure may cause out-of-order packets. In this paper, we propose a tunnel restraint scheme to minimize out-of-order packets during a mobile node (MN)’s handover by utilizing a developed estimation function that calculates an amount of out-of-order packets in the RO procedure. In the proposed tunnel restraint scheme, buffering techniques at proxy mobility agents are adopted to minimize the arrival of out-of-order packets to the MN. The proxy mobility agents taking part in the RO procedure buffer the packets for the MN until they establish the RO tunnel between them. The conducted performance evaluation results show that the traffic rate and the time period of out-of-order packets mainly have effects on the out-of-order packets problem. We also demonstrate that the proposed tunnel restraint scheme enhances the performance of PMIPv6 RO by minimizing the number of out-of-order packets.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Johnson, D., Perkins, C., & Arkko, J. (2004). Mobility support in IPv6. RFC 3775.
Soliman, H., Castelluccia, C., El Malki, K., & Bellier, L. (2005). Hierarchical mobile IPv6 mobility management (HMIPv6). RFC 4140.
Koodli, R. (Ed.). (2005). Fast handovers for mobile IPv6. RFC 4068.
Gundavelli, S., Leung, K., Devarapalli, V., Chowdhury, K., & Patil, B. (2008). Proxy mobile IPv6. RFC 5213.
Kempf, J. (Ed.). (2007). Problem statement for network-based localized mobility management (NETLMM). RFC 4830.
Kempf, J. (Ed.). (2007). Goals for network-based localized mobility management (NETLMM). RFC 4831.
NETLMM WG. (2010). http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/netlmm-charter.html. Accessed August 2010.
Lee J.-H., Pack S., You I., Chung T.-M. (2009) Enabling a paging mechanism in network-based localized mobility management networks. Journal of Internet Technology 10(5): 463–472
Lee J.-H., Chung T.-M. (2010) How much do we gain by introducing route optimization in proxy mobile IPv6 networks?. Annals of Telecommunications 65(5–6): 233–246
Liebsch, M., Le, L., & Abeille, J. (2007). Route optimization for proxy mobile IPv6. Draft-abeille-netlmm-proxymip6ro-01 (work in progress).
Lee, J.-H., Lim, H.-J., & Chung, T.-M. (2008). Preventing out-of-sequence packets on the route optimization procedure in proxy mobile IPv6. In: Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on advanced information networking and applications (AINA) (pp. 950–954).
Jeong, S., & Wakikawa, R. (2007). Route optimization support for proxy mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6). Draft-jeong-netlmm-ro-support-for-pmip6-00 (work in progress).
Sarikaya, B., Qin, A., Huang, A., & Wu, W. (2008). PMIPv6 route optimization protocol. Draft-qin-netlmm-pmipro-00 (work in progress).
Dutta, A., Das, S., Yokora, H., Chiba, T., & Schulzrinne, H. (2008). ProxyMIP extension for inter-MAG route optimization. Draft-dutta-netlmm-pmipro-01 (work in progress).
Liebsch, M., Jeong, S., & Wu, Q. (2010). PMIPv6 localized routing problem statement. Draft-ietf-netext-pmip6-lr-ps-03.
Krishnan, S., Koodli, R., Loureiro, P., Wu, Q., & Dutta, A. (2010). Localized routing for proxy mobile IPv6. Draft-ietf-netext-pmip-lr-00 (work in progress).
Hyytia E., Lassila P., Virtamo J. (2006) Spatial node distribution of the random waypoint mobility model with applications. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 5(6): 680–694
Bettstetter C., Hartenstein H., Perez-costa X. (2004) Stochastic properties of the random waypoint mobility model. Wireless Networks 10(5): 555–567
Hur K., Eom D.-S., Lee Y.-W., Lee J.-H., Kang S. (2007) Priority forwarding for improving the TCP performance in mobile IP based networks with packet buffering. Computer Communications 30(6): 1337–1349
Eom D. S., Sugano M., Murata M., Miyahara H. (2000) Performance improvement by packet buffering in mobile IP based networks. IEICE Transactions on Communications E83-B(11): 2501–2512
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, JH., Kim, YD. & Lee, D. Tunnel Restraint to Prevent Out-of-Order Packets for Route Optimization in Proxy Mobile IPv6. Wireless Pers Commun 60, 547–558 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-011-0308-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-011-0308-5