Skip to main content
Log in

Survey on Mobility and Multihoming in Future Internet

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Mobility and multihoming represent key challenges for the development of the current and Future Internet, especially because of the rapid increase of user mobility and network heterogeneity. Both issues, mobility and multihoming, are closely related to each other and mainly issues of the used IP addressing scheme. This survey presents a general overview on approaches that enable mobility and multihoming in Future Internet; it focuses especially on approaches that suggest using new addressing schemes on layer 3, namely Locator/ID Separation and Core/Edge Separation, in order to tackle mobility and multihoming issues in an integrated manner. In our survey, we present a classification of the investigated approaches and summarize the main solution strategies. Furthermore, we evaluate the investigated approaches on basis of their capabilities and technical properties. On basis of the evaluation, where we emphasize the benefits and shortcomings of current solution strategies, we discuss future research issues related to mobility and multihoming.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Achour, A., Kervella, B., & Pujolle, G. (2011). Shim6-based mobility management for multi-homed terminals in heterogeneous environment. In: Eighth international conference on wireless and optical communications networks (WOCN), 2011 (pp. 1–5).

  2. Ahlgren, B., Arkko, J., Eggert, L., & Rajahalme, J. (2006). A node identity internetworking architecture. In: INFOCOM 2006. Proceedings of 25th IEEE international conference on computer communications (pp. 1–6).

  3. Arkko, J., & van Beijnum, I. (2009). Rfc 5534: Failure detection and locator pair exploration protocol for ipv6 multihoming. Available at: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5534. Access 06 Dec 2011.

  4. Atkinson, R. (2011). Ilnp concept of operations, draft-rja-ilnp-intro-11.txt. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-rja-ilnp-intro-11. Access 26 Jan 2012.

  5. Atkinson R., Bhatti S., Hailes S. (2009) Ilnp: mobility, multi-homing, localised addressing and security through naming. Telecommunication Systems 42: 273–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Atkinson R., Bhatti S., Hailes S. (2010) Evolving the internet architecture through naming. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 28(8): 1319–1325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Atkinson, R., Lad, M., Bhatti, S., & Hailes, S. (2006). A proposal for coalition networking in dynamic operational environments. In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE conference on Military communications, MILCOM’06 (pp. 788–795).

  8. Azfar A., Hossen S., Khan R. H. (2009) Sip mobility modes: Application layer and data link layer. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security 9(12): 258–264

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bagnulo M., Garcia-Martinez A., Azcorra A. (2007) Ipv6 multihoming support in the mobile internet. IEEE Wireless Communications 14(5): 92–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Becke, M., Dreibholz, T., Iyengar, J., Natarajan, P., Tuexen, M. (2012). Load sharing for the stream control transmission protocol (sctp), draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-multipath-03.txt. http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-tuexen-tsvwg-sctp-multipath-03. Access 17 Jan 2012.

  11. Brim, S., Chiappa, N., Farinacci, D., Fuller, V., Lewis, D., & Meyer, D. (200). A content distribution overlay network service for lisp, draft-meyer-lisp-cons-04.txt. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-meyer-lisp-cons-04. Access 15 June 2012.

  12. Brim, S., Farinacci, D., Meyer, D., & Curran, J. (2007). Eid mappings multicast across cooperating systems for lisp, draft-curran-lisp-emacs-00. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-curran-lisp-emacs-00. Access 15 June 2012.

  13. Cisco Systems, Inc. (2010). Cisco locator/id separation protocol: Revolutionary network architecture to power the network. Available at http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/iosswrel/ps6537/ps6554/ps6599/ps10800/aag_c45-635298.pdf. Access 05 Dec 2011.

  14. Day J. (2008) Patterns in network architecture: A return to fundamentals. Prentice Hall, Prentice

    Google Scholar 

  15. Devarapalli, V., Wakikawa, R., Petrescu, A., & Thubert, P. (2005). Rfc 3963: Network mobility (nemo) basic support protocol. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3963.txt. Access 14 Dec 2011.

  16. Dhraief, A., & Montavont, N. (2008). Toward mobility and multihoming unification- the shim6 protocol: A case study. In IEEE wireless communications and networking conference, 2008. WCNC 2008 (pp. 2840–2845).

  17. Dreibholz T., Rathgeb E., Rüngeler I., Seggelmann R., Tüxen M., Stewart R. (2011) Stream control transmission protocol: Past, current, and future standardization activities. IEEE Communications Magazine 49(4): 82–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ebersächer J., Tran-Gia P. (2008) Next generation internet. Information Technology 50(6): 341–344

    Google Scholar 

  19. Farinacci, D., Fuller, V., Meyer, D., & Lewis, D. (2011). Locator/id separation protocol (lisp) draft-ietf-lisp-18. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lisp-18. Access 05 Dec 2011.

  20. Ford, A., Raiciu, C., Handley, M., Barre, S., Iyengar, J. (2011). Rfc 6182: Architectural guidelines for multipath tcp development. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6182. Access 07 Dec 2011.

  21. Fuller, V., Farinacci, D., Meyer, D., & Lewis, D. (2011). Lisp alternative topology (lisp+alt), draft-ietf-lisp-alt-10.txt. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lisp-alt-10. Access 15 June 2012.

  22. Garcia-Martinez A., Bagnulo M., Van Beijnum I. (2010) The shim6 architecture for ipv6 multihoming. IEEE Communications Magazine 48(9): 152–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Gundavelli, S., Leung, K., Devarapalli, V., Chowdhury, K., & Patil, B. (2008). Rfc 5213: Proxy mobile ipv6. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5213. Access 07 Dec 2011.

  24. Han H., Shakkottai S., Hollot C. V., Srikant R., Towsley D. (2006) Multi-path tcp: A joint congestion control and routing scheme to exploit path diversity in the internet. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 14: 1260–1271

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Hawkinson, J., & Bates, T. (1996). Rfc 1930: Guidelines for creation, selection, and registration of an autonomous system (as). Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1930. Access 30 Nov 2011.

  26. Huston, G. (2005). Architectural commentary on site multi-homing using a level 3 shim. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-shim6-arch-00. Access 06 Dec 2011.

  27. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) (2009). Y.2015 general requirements for id/locator separation in ngn. Available at http://www.itu.int/rec/dologin_pub.asp?lang=e&id=T-REC-Y.2015-200901-I!!PDF-E&type=items. Access 07 Dec 2011.

  28. Jain, R. (2006). Internet 3.0: Ten problems with current internet architecture and solutions for the next generation. In Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE conference on Military communications, MILCOM’06 (pp. 153–161).

  29. Johnson, D., Perkins, C., & Arkko, J. (2004). Rfc 3775: Mobility support in ipv6. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3775. Access 07 Dec 2011.

  30. Kaat, M. (2000). Rfc 2956: Overview of 1999 iab network layer workshop. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2956.txt. Access 07 Dec 2011.

  31. Kellerer W., Widmer J., Berndt H. (2008) Next generation mobile internet, network and service platform. Information Technology 50(6): 345–350

    Google Scholar 

  32. Komu, M., Bagnulo, M., Slavov, K., & Sugimoto, S. (2011). Rfc 6316: Sockets application program interface (api) for multihoming shim. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6316.txt. Access 07 Dec 2011.

  33. Koodli, R. (2009). Rfc 5568: Mobile ipv6 fast handovers. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5568.txt. Access 14 Dec 2011.

  34. Laganier, J., & Eggert, L. (2008). Rfc 5204: Host identity protocol (hip) rendezvous extension. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5204.txt. Access 07 Dec 2011.

  35. Lear, E. (2012). A not-so-novel eid to rloc database, draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09.txt. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09. Access 15 June 2012.

  36. Lewis, D., Meyer, D., Farinacci, D., & Fuller, V. (2011). Interworking lisp with ipv4 and ipv6 draft-ietf-lisp-interworking-02. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lisp-interworking-02. Access 05 Dec 2011.

  37. Lin C. L., Ho C. H., Pan J. Y. (2008) Hand-off evolution with multiple interfaces. IT Professional 10(5): 22–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Menth, M., Hartmann, M., & Klein, D. (2010). Global locator, local locator, and identifier split (gli-split). Technical Report 470, University of Wrzburg, Institut fr Informatik.

  39. Menth, M., Hartmann, M., Tran-Gia, P., & Klein, D. (2008). Future internet routing: Motivation and design issues. Information Technology, 50(6).

  40. Meyer, D., Fuller, V., Lewis, D., Lear, E., Brim, S., Oran, D., et al. (2007). Id/locator separation protocol (lisp) tutorial. Available at http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/70/slides/RRG-7.pdf. Access 05 Dec 2011.

  41. Meyer, D., Zhang, L., & Fall, K. (2007). Rfc 4984: Report from the iab workshop on routing and addressing. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4984.txt. Access 07 Dec 2011.

  42. Moskowitz, P., & Nikander, P. (2006). Rfc 4423: Host identity protocol (hip) architecture. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4423.txt. Access 07 Dec 2011.

  43. Moskowitz, R., Nikander, P., Jokela, P., & Henderson, T. (2008). Rfc 5201: Host identity protocol. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5201.txt. Access 07 Dec 2011.

  44. Naderi, H., & Carpenter, B. (2011). A review of ipv6 multihoming solutions. In The tenth international conference on networks, ICN 2011 (pp. 145–150).

  45. Nikander P., Gurtov A., Henderson T. (2010) Host identity protocol (hip): Connectivity, mobility, multi-homing, security, and privacy over ipv4 and ipv6 networks. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials 12(2): 186–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Nikander, P., Henderson, T., Vogt, C., & Arkko, J. (2008). Rfc 5206: End-host mobility and multihoming with the host identity protocol. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5206.txt. Access 07 Dec 2011.

  47. Nikander, P., & Laganier, J. (2008). Rfc 5205: Host identity protocol (hip) domain name system (dns) extension. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5205.txt. Access 07 Dec 2011.

  48. Nordmark, E., & Bagnulo, M. (2009). Rfc 5533: Shim6: Level 3 multihoming shim protocol for ipv6. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5533. Access 06 Dec 2011.

  49. O’Dell, M. (1997). Gse—an alternate addressing architecture for ipv6. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-ipngwg-gseaddr-00. Access 07 Dec 2011.

  50. Pan J., Jain R., Paul S., So-in C. (2010) Milsa: A new evolutionary architecture for scalability, mobility, and multihoming in the future internet. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 28(8): 1344–1362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Pan J., Paul S., Jain R. (2011) A survey of the research on future internet architectures. IEEE Communications Magazine 49(7): 26–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Pan, J., Paul, S., Jain, R., & Bowman, M. (2008). Milsa: A mobility and multihoming supporting identifier locator split architecture for naming in the next generation internet. In IEEE global telecommunications conference, 2008. IEEE GLOBECOM 2008 (pp. 1–6).

  53. Paul, S., Jain, R., & Pan, J. (2010). An identifier/locator split architecture for exploring path diversity through site multi-homing—a hybrid host-network cooperative approach. In IEEE international conference on communications (ICC), 2010 (pp. 1–5).

  54. Perkins, C. (2002). Rfc 3344: Ip mobility support for ipv4. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3344. Access 20 Jan 2012.

  55. Raiciu, C., Handley, M., & Wischik, D. (2011). Rfc 6356: Coupled congestion control for multipath transport protocols. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6356. Access 17 Jan 2012.

  56. Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., et al. (2002). Rfc 3261: Sip: Session initiation protocol. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3261.txt. Access 07 Dec 2011.

  57. Scharf, M., & Ford, A. (2011). Mptcp application interface considerations, draft-scharf-mptcp-api-04. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-scharf-mptcp-api-04. Access 17 Jan 2011.

  58. Schuetz, S., Winter, R., Burness, L., Eardley, P., & Ahlgren, B. (2007). Node identity internetworking architecture, draft-schuetz-nid-arch-00. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-schuetz-nid-arch-00. Access 15 Jan 2012.

  59. Schütz S., Abrahamsson H., Ahlgren B., Brunner M. (2010) Design and implementation of the node identity internetworking architecture. Computer Networks 54: 1142–1154

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  60. Seskar, I., Nagaraja, K., Nelson, S., & Raychaudhuri, D. (2011). Mobilityfirst future internet architecture project. In Proceedings of the 7th Asian internet engineering conference, AINTEC ’11 (pp. 1–3).

  61. So-In, C., Jain, R., Paul, S., & Pan, J. (2010). Future wireless networks: Key issues and a survey (id/locator split perspective). International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems.

  62. Soliman, H., Castelluccia, C., ElMalki, K., & Bellier, L. (2008). Rfc 5380: Hierarchical mobile ipv6 (hmipv6) mobility management. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5380.txt. Access 14 Dec 2011.

  63. Sousa B. M., Pentikousis K., Curado M. (2011) Multihoming management for future networks. Mobile Networks and Applications 16: 505–517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Stewart, R. (2007). Rfc 4960: Stream control transmission protocol. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4960. Access 07 Dec 2011.

  65. Stewart R., Metz C. (2001) Sctp: new transport protocol for tcp/ip. IEEE Internet Computing 5(6): 64–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Stewart, R., Xie, Q., Tuexen, M., Maruyama, S., & Kozuka, M. (2007). Rfc 5061: Stream control transmission protocol (sctp), dynamic address reconfiguration. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5061. Access 24 Jan 2012.

  67. Tselentis G., Domingue J., Galis A., Gavras A., Hausheer D. (2009) Towards the future internet: A European research perspective. IOS Press, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  68. Vogt, C. (2008). Six/one router: A scalable and backwards compatible solution for provider-independent addressing. In Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on mobility in the evolving internet architecture, MobiArch ’08 (pp. 13–18). ACM.

  69. Vogt, C. (2009). Six/one: A solution for routing and addressing in ipv6, draft-vogt-rrg-six-one-02. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-vogt-rrg-six-one-02. Access 07 Dec 2011.

  70. Wakikawa, R., Devarapalli, V., Tsirtsis, G., Ernst, T., & Nagami, K. (2009). Rfc 5648: Multiple care-of addresses registration. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5648. Access 07 Dec 2011.

  71. Wang, Y., Bi, J., & Wu, J. (2010). Empirical analysis of core-edge separation by decomposing internet topology graph. In IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2010), 2010, (pp. 1–5).

  72. Xu, X. (2010). Routing architecture for the next generation internet (rangi), draft-xu-rangi-04.txt. Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-xu-rangi-04. Access 18 Dec 2011.

  73. Xu, X., & Guo, D. (2008). Hierarchical routing architecture (hra). In Next generation internet networks, 2008. NGI 2008 (pp. 92–99).

  74. Zhu, Z., Wakikawa, R., & Zhang, L. (2011). Rfc 6301: A survey of mobility support in the internet. Available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6301.txt. Access 14 Dec 2011.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexander Gladisch.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gladisch, A., Daher, R. & Tavangarian, D. Survey on Mobility and Multihoming in Future Internet. Wireless Pers Commun 74, 45–81 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0898-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0898-6

Keywords

Navigation