Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

A Scalable CSMA and Self-Organizing TDMA MAC for IEEE 802.11 p/1609.x in VANETs

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been a key topic for research community and industry alike. The wireless access in vehicular environment standard employs the IEEE 802.11p/1609.4 for the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer implementation for VANETs. However, the carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) based mechanism cannot provide reliable broadcast services, and the multi-channel operation defined in IEEE 1609.4 divides the available access time into fixed alternating control channel intervals (CCH) and service channel (SCH) intervals, which may lead to the low utilization of the scarce resources. In this paper, a novel multichannel MAC protocol called CS-TDMA considering the channel access scheduling and channel switching concurrently is proposed. The protocol combines CSMA with the time division multiple access (TDMA) to improve the broadcast performance in VANETs. Meanwhile, the dwelling ratio between CCH and SCH changes dynamically according to the traffic density, resulting in the improvement of resource utilization efficiency. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of our mechanism and comparisons are made with three existing MAC protocols, IEEE MAC, SOFT MAC and VeMAC. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of CS-TDMA in the reduction of transmission delay and packet collision rate and improvement of network throughput.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Papadimitratos, P., de la Fortelle, A., Evenssen, K., Brignolo, R., & Cosenza, S. (2009). Vehicular communication systems: Enabling technologies, applications, and future outlook on intelligent transportation. IEEE Communications Magazine, 47, 84–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ma, X., Zhang, J., Yin, X., & Trivedi, K. S. (2012). Design and analysis of a robust broadcast scheme for VANET safety-related services. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 61(1), 46–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Stanica, R., Chaput, E., & Beylot, A.-L. (2012). Properties of the MAC layer in safety vehicular ad hoc networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 50, 192–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. IEEE 802.11p/D10.0, Part11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and the Physical Layer (PHY) specifications: Amendment 7: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment, Draft 7.0 (2010).

  5. IEEE Std 1609.4TM-2010, IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE)-Multi-channel Operation, IEEE Vehicular Technology Society, February 7, (2010).

  6. Borgonovo, F., Capone, A., Cesana, M., & Fratta, L. (2003). ADHOD: A new, flexible and reliable MAC architecture for ad-hoc networks. Wireless Communications and Networking, WCNC, 2, 965–970.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Omar, H. A., Zhuang, W., & Li, L. (2013). VeMAC: A TDMA-based MAC protocol for reliable broadcast in VANETs. IEEE Transcations on Mobile Computing, 12, 1724–1736.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Abdalla, G. M., Abu-Rgheff, M. A. & Senouci, S.-M. (2009). Space-orthogonal frequency-time medium access control (SOFT MAC) for VANET. 2009 IEEE Global Information Infrastructure Symposium (GIIS’09), pp. 1–8.

  9. Lai, Y.-C., Lin, P., Liao, W., & Chen, C.-M. (2011). A region-based clustering mechanism for channel access in vehicular ad hoc networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 29, 83–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Bana, S. V., & Varaiya, P. (2001). Space division multiple access (SDMA) for robust ad hoc vehicle communication networks. 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC’01), pp. 962–967.

  11. Nakata, H., Inoue, T., Itami, M., & Itoh, K. (2003). A study of inter vehicle communication scheme allocating PN codes to the location on the road. Proceedings IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC ), 2, 1527–1532.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Liu, J., Ren, F., Miao, L., & Lin, C. (2011). A-ADHOC: An adaptive real-time distributed MAC protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks. Mobile Networks and Applications, 16(5), 576–585.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Menouar, H., Filali, F., & Lenardi, M. (2006). A survey and qualitative analysis of MAC protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 13(5), 30–35.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Misic, J., Badawy, G., Rashwand, S., & Misic, V. B. (2010). Tradeoff issues for CCH/SCH duty cycle for IEEE 802.11 p single channel devices. 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM), pp. 1–6.

  15. Rezgui, J., Cherkaoui, S., & Chakroun, O., (2011). Deterministic access for DSRC/80211.p vehicular safety communication. 2011 7th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC’11), pp. 595–600.

  16. Wang, Q., Leng, S., Fu, H., & Zhang, Y. (2012). An IEEE 802.11p-based multichannel MAC scheme with channel coordination for vehicular ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 13, 449–458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Campolo, C., Vinel, A., Molinaro, A., & Koucheryavy, Y. (2011). Modeling broadcasting in IEEE 802.11p/WAVE vehicular networks. IEEE Communications Letters, 15, 199–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Lucarelli, D., & Wang, I.-J. (2004). Decentralized synchronization protocols with nearest neighbor communication. ACM 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems (SenSys’04), pp. 62–68.

  19. Werner-Allen, G., Tewari, G., Patel, A., Welsh, M., & Nagpal, R. (2005). Firefly inspired sensor network synchronicity with realistic radio effects. ACM 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems (SenSys’05), pp. 142–153.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Lab of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China

    Lin Zhang, Zishan Liu, Rui Zou, Jinjie Guo & Yu Liu

Authors
  1. Lin Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zishan Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rui Zou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jinjie Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yu Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lin Zhang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhang, L., Liu, Z., Zou, R. et al. A Scalable CSMA and Self-Organizing TDMA MAC for IEEE 802.11 p/1609.x in VANETs. Wireless Pers Commun 74, 1197–1212 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-013-1572-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-013-1572-3

Keywords