Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A Relay Based Routing Protocol for Wireless In-Body Sensor Networks

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Efficient energy utilization of in-body sensors is one of the hot areas of current research. In this paper, we present a relay based routing protocol for in vivo wireless body area sensor networks. Firstly, we decrease the communication distance of in-body sensors to its minimum value. Secondly, we do not allow multi-hopping of data among in-body sensors. So, in our proposed protocol, relays along with one coordinator are deployed on the clothes of a patient. As placed on the patients clothes, relays could easily be recharged and replaced. In-body sensors send the sensed data to nearby relay, which forwards the data to the coordinator and finally to the end station. Moreover, the proposed protocol is provided with linear programming based mathematical models for network lifetime maximization and end-to-end-delay minimization. Simulation results show that our proposed protocol performs better than the selected routing protocols in terms of energy efficiency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ben-Othman, J., Bessaoud, K., Bui, A., & Pilard, L. (2013). Self-stabilizing algorithm for efficient topology control in wireless sensor networks. Journal of Computational Science, 4(4), 199–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Senouci, M. R., Mellouk, A., Senouci, H., & Aissani, A. (2012). Performance evaluation of network lifetime spatial-temporal distribution for wsn routing protocols. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 35(4), 1317–1328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ballarini, P., Mokdad, L., & Monnet, Q. (2013). Modeling tools for detecting dos attacks in wsns. Security and Communication Networks, 6(4), 420–436.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Khan, J. Y., & Yuce, M. R. (2010). Wireless body area network (wban) for medical applications. New Developments in Biomedical Engineering, INTECH.

  5. Darwish, A., & Hassanien, A. E. (2011). Wearable and implantable wireless sensor network solutions for healthcare monitoring. Sensors, 11(6), 5561–5595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Honeine, P., Mourad, F., Kallas, M., Snoussi, H., Amoud, H., & Francis, C. (2011). Wireless sensor networks in biomedical: Body area networks. In 2011 7th international workshop on systems, signal processing and their applications (WOSSPA) (pp. 388–391). IEEE.

  7. Javaid, N., Abbas, Z., Fareed, M., Khan, Z., & Alrajeh, N. (2013). M-attempt: A new energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless body area sensor networks. Procedia Computer Science, 19, 224–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Reusens, E., Joseph, W., Latre, B., Braem, B., Vermeeren, G., Tanghe, E., et al. (2009). Characterization of on-body communication channel and energy efficient topology design for wireless body area networks. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 13(6), 933–945.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Yazdandoost, K. Y., & Kohno, R. (2009). Body implanted medical device communications. IEICE Transactions on Communications, 92(2), 410417.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Tsouri, G. R., Prieto, A., & Argade, N. (2012). On increasing network lifetime in body area networks using global routing with energy consumption balancing. Sensors, 12(10), 13088–13108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Latre, B., Braem, B., Moerman, I., Blondia, C., Reusens, E., Joseph, W., et al. (2007). A low-delay protocol for multihop wireless body area networks. In Proceedings of the 2007 fourth annual international conference on mobile and ubiquitous systems: Networking and Services (MobiQuitous), MOBIQUITOUS 07 (Washington, DC, USA) (p. 18). IEEE Computer Society.

  12. Quwaider, M., & Biswas, S. (2009). On-body packet routing algorithms for body sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 2009 first international conference on networks and communications, NETCOM 09 (Washington, DC, USA) (pp. 171–177). IEEE Computer Society.

  13. Ghasemzadeh, H., & Jafari, R. (2010). Data aggregation in body sensor networks: A power optimization technique for collaborative signal processing. In Seventh annual IEEE communications society conference on sensor, mesh and ad hoc communications and networks, SECON 2010 (pp. 439–447). http://www.odysci.com/article/1010112988313934.

  14. Ababneh, N., Timmons, N., Morrison, J., & Tracey, D. (2012). Energy-balanced rate assignment and routing protocol for body area networks. In Proceedings of the 2012 26th international conference on advanced information networking and applications workshops, WAINA 12 (Washington, DC, USA) (pp. 466–471). IEEE Computer Society.

  15. Chen, S.-K., Kao, T., Chan, C.-T., Huang, C.-N., Chiang, C.-Y., Lai, C.-Y., et al. (2012). A reliable transmission protocol for zigbee-based wireless patient monitoring. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 16(1), 6–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Razzaque, M. A., Hong, C. S., & Lee, S. (2011). Data-centric multiobjective qos-aware routing protocol for body sensor networks. Sensors, 11(1), 917937.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ahmad, A., Javaid, N., Qasim, U., Ishfaq, M., Khan, Z. A., & Alghamdi, T. A. (2014). Re-attempt: A new energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless body area sensor networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks.

  18. Elias, J., & Mehaoua, A. (2012). Energy-aware topology design for wireless body area networks. In 2012 IEEE international conference on communications (ICC) (pp. 3409–3410). IEEE.

  19. Shirazi, G., & Lampe, L. (2011). Lifetime maximization in uwb sensor networks for event detection. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 59(9), 4411–4423.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Hayes, J. F., & Babu, T. V. J. G. (2004). Modeling and analysis of telecommunications networks. New York: Wiley.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  21. Javaid, N., Ahmad, A., Rahim, A., Khan, Z. A., Ishfaq, M., & Qasim, U. (2014). Adaptive medium access control protocol for wireless body area networks. In International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, (Vol. 2014, Article ID 254397, p. 10). doi:10.1155/2014/2543972014.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Nadeem Javaid, Ashfaq Ahmad, Yahya Khan, Zahoor Ali Khan & Turki Ali Alghamdi

Authors
  1. Nadeem Javaid
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ashfaq Ahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yahya Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zahoor Ali Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Turki Ali Alghamdi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nadeem Javaid.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Javaid, N., Ahmad, A., Khan, Y. et al. A Relay Based Routing Protocol for Wireless In-Body Sensor Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 80, 1063–1078 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-2071-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-2071-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation