Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Minimizing the Total Energy Consumption in Multi-hop UWASNs

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper investigates the total energy consumption in multi-hop underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs) for a given target signal to noise ratio (SNR) requirement. Specifically, our aim is to minimize the energy consumption along the route between source and destination and to find the optimal hop distance that result in minimum energy consumption, by taking into account the propagation characteristics of sound signals through the underwater acoustic medium. The proposed study will form the basis for the design of energy efficient routing protocols that select minimum energy route in UWASNs. The impact of various characteristics of underwater acoustic signal propagation such as attenuation, noise, and the dependence of usable bandwidth and transmit power on distance, are considered for the energy consumption analysis. Further, analysis is carried out for both shallow and deep water scenarios under the assumption that each node can adjust its transmission power for a link so that the signal reaches the destination node, satisfying a target received SNR. We observe that, a linear equidistant network consumes minimum energy for both shallow as well as deep water scenarios.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

References

  1. Akyildiz, I. F., Pompili, D., & Melodia, T. (2005). Underwater acoustic sensor networks: Research challenges. Ad Hoc Networks, 3(3), 257–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Partan, J., Kurose, J., & Levine, B. N. (2007). A survey of practical issues in underwater networks. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 11(4), 23–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Heidemann, J., Ye, W., Wills, J., Syed, A., & Li, Y. (2006). Research challenges and applications for underwater sensor networking. In IEEE wireless communications and networking conference, 2006 (WCNC 2006), Vol. 1. IEEE, pp. 228–235.

  4. Pompili, D., & Akyildiz, I. F. (2009). Overview of networking protocols for underwater wireless communications. Communications Magazine, IEEE, 47(1), 97–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Akyildiz, I. F., Pompili, D., & Melodia, T. (2006). State-of-the-art in protocol research for underwater acoustic sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Underwater networks. ACM, pp. 7–16.

  6. Harris, A. F., & Zorzi, M. (2007). On the design of energy-efficient routing protocols in underwater networks. In 4th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2007 (SECON’07). IEEE, pp. 80–90.

  7. Gopi, S., Govindan, K., Chander, D., Desai, U. B., & Merchant, S. (2010). E-PULRP: Energy optimized path unaware layered routing protocol for underwater sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 9(11), 3391–3401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zorzi, M., Casari, P., Baldo, N., & Harros, A. F. (2008). Energy-efficient routing schemes for underwater acoustic networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 26(9), 1754–1766.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Park, M. K., & Rodoplu, V. (2007). UWAN-MAC: An energy-efficient MAC protocol for underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 32(3), 710–720.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Xie, P., & Cui, J. H. (2007). R-mac: An energy-efficient mac protocol for underwater sensor networks. In International conference on wireless algorithms, systems and applications, 2007 (WASA 2007). IEEE, pp. 187–198.

  11. Jornet, J. M., Stojanovic, M., & Zorzi, M. (2010). On joint frequency and power allocation in a cross-layer protocol for underwater acoustic networks. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 35(4), 936–947.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Stojanovic, M., & Preisig, J. (2009). Underwater acoustic communication channels: Propagation models and statistical characterization. Communications Magazine, IEEE, 47(1), 84–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Domingo, M. C., & Prior, R. (2008). Energy analysis of routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 31(6), 1227–1238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Harris, A. F, III, Stojanovic, M., & Zorzi, M. (2009). Idle-time energy savings through wake-up modes in underwater acoustic networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 7(4), 770–777.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Tumar, I., Sehgal, A., & Schonwalder, J. (2009). Power management for acoustic underwater networks. In 6th Annual IEEE communications society conference on sensor, mesh and ad hoc communications and networks workshops, 2009 (SECON Workshops’ 09). IEEE, pp. 1–3.

  16. Bac, C., & Stark, W. E. (2009). On minimum energy routing in wireless multihop networks. In Information theory and applications workshop. IEEE, pp. 346–350.

  17. Bhardwaj, M., Garnett, T., & Chandrakasan, A. P. (2001). Upper bounds on the lifetime of sensor networks. In IEEE international conference on communications, 2001 (ICC 2001), Vol. 3. IEEE, pp. 785–790.

  18. Zhang, R., & Gorce, J. M. (2008). Optimal transmission range for minimum energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. In IEEE wireless communications and networking conference, 2008 (WCNC 2008). IEEE, pp. 757–762.

  19. Jinfeng, D., Zhongwen, G., Jiabao, C., Guangxu, Z., (2008). Optimum Transmission Range for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks. In International conference on information networking, 2008 (ICOIN 2008). IEEE, pp. 1–4.

  20. Felemban, M., & Felemban, E. (2013). Energy-delay tradeoffs for underwater acoustic sensor networks. 2013 First international Black Sea conference on communications and networking (BlackSeaCom). IEEE, pp. 45–49.

  21. Reed, B. L., Stojanovic, M., Mitra, U., & Hover, F. S. (2012). Robust minimum energy wireless routing for underwater acoustic communication networks. In 2012 IEEE globecom workshops (GC Wkshps). IEEE, pp. 1556–1561.

  22. Rachman, R., et al. (2012). Energy Consumption at the Node in Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSNs). In 2012 Sixth UKSim/AMSS European symposium on computer modeling and simulation (EMS). IEEE.

  23. Xu, M., Liu, G., & Wu, H. (2014). An energy-efficient routing algorithm for underwater wireless sensor networks inspired by ultrasonic frogs. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2014, 1–12.

  24. Shashaj, A., Petroccia, R., & Petrioli, C. (2014). Energy efficient interference-aware routing and scheduling in underwater sensor networks. In Oceans-St. John’s, 2014. IEEE.

  25. Urick, R. J. (1967). Principles of underwater sound for engineers. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.

  26. Freitag, L., Grund, M., Singh, S., Partan, J., Koshi, P., & Ball, K. (2005). The WHOI micro-modem: An acoustic communications and navigation system for multiple platforms. In Proceedings of MTS/IEEE OCEANS, 2005. IEEE, pp. 1086–1092.

  27. Stojanovic, M. (2007). On the relationship between capacity and distance in an underwater acoustic communication channel. ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 11(4), 34–43.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Naval Research Board, Ministry of Defence, Government of India under Grant No. DNRD/05/4003/NRB/283.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. S. Geethu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Geethu, K.S., Babu, A.V. Minimizing the Total Energy Consumption in Multi-hop UWASNs. Wireless Pers Commun 83, 2693–2709 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-2564-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-2564-2

Keywords

Navigation