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Traffic Information Dissemination System: Extending Cooperative Awareness Among Smart Vehicles with only Single-Hop Beacons in VANET

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Abstract

Today’s high-end vehicles are technologically more sophisticated and smarter than the ‘old machines with engine and wheels’. These vehicles are anticipated to provide consumers with safe, reliable, and infotainment-rich driving experience through intelligent transportation system, realized through a technology referred to as vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). VANET offers a plethora of applications to the consumers ranging from safety to infotainment. Among other messages defined by the dedicated short range communication standard, cooperative awareness messages (CAMs) are of paramount importance for the VANET applications. In VANET, vehicles share their frequent mobility information in the form of CAMs with neighbors for cooperative awareness, traffic view construction, maneuver, and cruise control. In this work we target the CAM-based traffic information dissemination. VANET applications construct short-range local and long-range extend traffic views with the information contained in scheduled CAMs (also known as beacons). To construct aforementioned traffic views, naïve approach is multi-hop communication; however, historically multi-hop communication does not scale efficiently in dynamic VANET due to computational and communication overhead. Therefore another alternative approach is essential to address the problems of the multi-hop communication in highly ephemeral VANET and to achieve maximum degree of the information dissemination in VANET. To fill the gap, in this paper we propose a geocast-based abstract piggybacking mechanism for traffic information dissemination in VANET through single-hop CAMs. In the proposed scheme, vehicles compress their local traffic view constructed through single-hop CAMs. The compressed local traffic view is referred to as traffic data unit (TDU). Every vehicle broadcasts its own TDU along with a number of TDUs received from other vehicles in the next scheduled CAM, in order to construct a long-range extended traffic view, also known as compressed data word (CDW). In other words, CDW is encapsulated into normal CAM in order to share it with the neighbors in the vicinity. The receivers of CDW use the received TDUs to construct the desired length of the long-range extended traffic view. The proposed scheme leverages only single-hop beacons data to construct both local and extended traffic views. Our simulation results show that the extended traffic view up to 1 km can be constructed with only single-hop beacons at the expense of 10 % of extra information with the regular CAM. The results also show that the effect of the extra overhead is not phenomenal from overhead standpoint. The proposed virtual multi-hop communication paradigm with single-hop CAM will reduce the overall communication thereby saving the bandwidth for other important safety related communications.

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Notes

  1. http://www.isotc204wg16.org.

  2. http://www.standards.its.dot.gov.

  3. The terms ‘CAM’ and ‘beacon’ are used interchangeably in the rest of the paper.

  4. The terms ‘single-hop’ and ‘one-hop’ are used interchangeably in this paper. Both of them means the transmission range distance of the vehicle.

  5. By traditional beacons we mean the multi-hop communication paradigm for the extended view construction and without loss of generality, we assume an ideal most efficient multi-hop beaconing mechanism where vehicles can receive beacons from nodes within a distance of 1 km. We compared our abstract piggybacking with such ideal scheme but this comparison is done only for single-hop. Even from single-hop comparison, it is clear that traditional beacon covers single-hop distance and our abstract piggybacking scheme covers 1 km. As a generalized statement, we argue that our scheme outperforms four times the traditional beaconing scheme.

  6. “VanetMobiSim,” http://vanet.eurecom.fr.

  7. “Network Simulator ns-2,” http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/.

  8. It is to be noted that the distance 1 km is not fixed for the extended view. We use 1 km as a reference to understand the effect. The distance of the extended view can be increased and decreased keeping in mind, the effect on channel and other parameters from our results.

  9. We use the terms ‘packet delivery ratio’ and ‘beacon delivery ratio’ interchangeably in this paper. Both of them explain the same idea of successful beacons rate.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported in part by the MSIP (Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support program (IITP-2015-H8501-15-1007) supervised by the IITP (Institute for Information and communications Technology Promotion). This research was also supported in part by the MSIP (Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support program (IITP-2015-H8501-15-1018) supervised by the IITP (Institute for Information and communications Technology Promotion).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of System and Network Engineering, University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Rasheed Hussain

  2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheon-an, South Korea

    Sangjin Kim

  3. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, ERICA Campus, Sa 3-dong, Sangnok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 426-791, South Korea

    Heekuck Oh

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  1. Rasheed Hussain
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Correspondence to Heekuck Oh.

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Hussain, R., Kim, S. & Oh, H. Traffic Information Dissemination System: Extending Cooperative Awareness Among Smart Vehicles with only Single-Hop Beacons in VANET. Wireless Pers Commun 88, 151–172 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-3084-9

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