Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Performance Comparison of Code Discriminators in the Presence of CW Interference

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper considers the effect of continuous wave interference (CWI) on code tracking loops for global navigation satellite system signal. Based on the integrate-dump model analysis, the overall correlation results in the presence of CWI are theoretically analyzed incorporating the sum frequency interference terms which were regarded as negligible quantities in previous studies. Using the obtained correlation results, the closed-form expressions of the code tracking errors caused by CWI for three types of code discriminators (coherent, noncoherent, and barycenter) are derived and formulated as the solutions of quadratic equations using reasonable assumptions of trigonometric functions. Simulations are performed to demonstrate the accuracy of the theoretical correlation results. Also, the simulated code tracking errors are also presented to corroborate the effectiveness of the closed-form code tracking errors in terms of interference parameters (frequency and phase). It is indicated that the barycenter discriminator has the superior performance and could be preferred for mitigating CWI in tracking stage. These results can be applied for performance comparison, signal design, receiver design, and interference mitigation techniques in the presence of CWI.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Idris, A. N., Suldi, A. M., & Hamid, J. R. A. (2013). Effect of radio frequency interference (RFI) on the global positioning system (GPS) signals. In 2013 IEEE 9th international colloquium on signal processing and its applications (pp. 199–204).

  2. Motella, B., Savasta, S., Margaria, D., & Dovis, F. (2011). Method for assessing the interference impact on GNSS receivers. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 47(2), 1416–1432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Angrisano, A., Gaglione, S., & Troisi, S. (2014). Real-time receiver clock jump detection for code absolute positioning with Kalman filter. Wireless Personal Communications, 79(1), 211–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Chang, C. L., & Juang, J. C. (2010). Performance analysis of narrowband interference mitigation and near-far resistance scheme for GNSS receivers. Signal Processing, 90(9), 2676–2685.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Baziar, A. R., Moazedi, M., & Mosavi, M. R. (2015). Analysis of single frequency GPS receiver under delay and combining spoofing algorithm. Wireless Personal Communications, 83(3), 1955–1970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Betz, J. W. (2001). Effect of partial-band interference on receiver estimation of C/N0: Theory. In Proceedings of ION NTM 2001 (pp. 817–828).

  7. Betz, J. W. (2000). Effect of narrowband interference on GPS code tracking accuracy. In Proceedings of ION NTM 2000 (pp. 26–28).

  8. Balaei, A. T., Dempster, A. G., & Presti, L. L. (2009). Characterization of the effects of CW and pulse CW interference on the GPS signal quality. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 45(4), 1418–1431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hao, Z. H., Zhao, H. Z., Shao, S. H., & T, Y. X. (2014). Suppression of time-varying multi-tone interference based on frequency domain interfernece detection. Wireless Personal Communications, 75(2), 1051–1060.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Borio, D. (2010). GNSS acquisition in the presence of continuous wave interference. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 46(1), 47–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Shanmugam, S. K. (2007). Narrowband interference suppression performance of multi-correlation differential detection. In Proceedings of ENC-GNSS 2007 (pp. 12–23).

  12. Balaei, A. T., Motella, B., & Dempster, A. G. (2008). A preventative approach to mitigating CW interference in GPS receivers. GPS Solutions, 12(3), 199–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Rusch, L. A., & Poor, H. V. (1994). Narrowband interference suppression in CDMA spread spectrum communications. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 42(234), 1969–1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Capozza, P. T., Holland, B. J., Hopkinson, T. M., & Landrau, R. L. (2000). A single-chip narrow-band frequency-domain excisor for a global positioning system (GPS) receiver. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 35(3), 401–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Balaei, A. T., Dempster A. G., & Barnes, J. (2006). A novel approach in the detection and characterization of CW interference of GPS signal using receiver Estimation of C/N0. In Proceeding of 2006 IEEE/ION position, location, and navigation symposium (pp. 1120–1126).

  16. Zhang, Y., Amin, M. G., & Lindsey, A. R. (2001). Anti-jamming GPS receivers based on bilinear signal distributions. In IEEE military communications conference 2001 (pp. 1070–1074).

  17. Amin, M. G., & Sun, W. (2005). A novel interference suppression scheme for global navigation satellite systems using antenna array. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 23(5), 999–1012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Bastide, F., Akos, D., Macabiau, C., & Roturier, B. (2003). Automatic gain control (AGC) as an interference assessment tool. In Proceedings of ION GPS/GNSS 2003 (pp. 2042–2053).

  19. Chang, P. R., & Hu, J. T. (1999). Narrow-band interference suppression in spread-spectrum CDMA communications using pipelined recurrent neural networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 48(2), 467–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Chang, C. L., Juang, J. C., & Tasi, Y. L. (2004). Development of neural network-based GPS anti-jam techniques. In Proceedings of automatic control conference 2004 (pp. 1076–1081).

  21. Glennon, E. P., & Dempster, A. G. (2011). Delayed PIC for postcorrelation mitigation of continuous wave and multiple access interference in GPS receivers. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 47(4), 2544–2557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Balaei, A. T., Barnes, J., & Dempster, A. G. (2005). Characterization of interference effects on GPS signal carrier phase error. In Proceedings of SSC 2005 (pp. 1323–1331).

  23. Karsi, M. F., & Lindsey, W. C. (2000). Effects of CW interference on phase-locked loop performance. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 48(5), 886–896.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Liu, Y. Q., Ran, Y. H., Ke, T., & Hu, X. L. (2011). Code tracking performance analysis of GNSS signal in the presence of CW interference. Signal Processing, 91(4), 970–987.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Liu, Y. Q., Ran, Y. H., Ke, T., & Hu, X. L. (2012). Characterization of code tracking error of coherent DLL under CW interference. Wireless Personal Communications, 66(2), 397–417.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Jang, J., Paonni, M., & Eissfeller, B. (2012). CW interference effects on tracking performance of GNSS receivers. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 48(1), 243–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Qu, Z., Yang, J., & Chen, J. Y. (2015). Continuous wave interference effects on ranging performance of spread spectrum receivers. Wireless Personal Communications, 82(1), 473–494.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Liu, L., & Amin, M. G. (2008). Performance analysis of GPS receivers in non-Gaussian noise incorporating precorrelation filter and sampling rate. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 56(3), 990–1004.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. Wang, Y. Q., Li, C., Xu, D., & Yang, N. (2014). A new barycenter code discriminator for multi-access interference. Science China Information Sciences, 57(2), 022311(9).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National High-Tech Research Development Program of China (863) (Grant No. 2013AA1548) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61401026).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, South Zhongguancun Street No. 5, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China

    Pai Wang, Yongqing Wang & Siliang Wu

  2. Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering, No. 43, Beijing Mailbox 9200, Box 10, Beijing, 100076, China

    Xiuli Yu

Authors
  1. Pai Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yongqing Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xiuli Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Siliang Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yongqing Wang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, P., Wang, Y., Yu, X. et al. Performance Comparison of Code Discriminators in the Presence of CW Interference. Wireless Pers Commun 89, 405–426 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-016-3272-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-016-3272-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation