Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Channel Hopping Algorithm for Guaranteed Rendezvous in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks Using Swarm Intelligence

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Achieving fast Time to Rendezvous (TTR) on a common coordination channel in an Ad hoc network remains a contemporary issue in Cognitive Radio research. In this paper, we present a new channel hopping algorithm for the selection of control channel in a heterogeneous, spatial, and time varying spectrum environment, with no pre-existing infrastructure such as an access point or a base station. We adopt the use of the bio-mimicry concept to develop a swarm intelligence based mechanism, which will guide nodes to hop unto the most prominent channel while waiting for potential neighbourhood discovery. A closed form expression for the TTR and Expected TTR (ETTR) was derived for various network scenarios. We provide a theoretical analysis of the TTR and ETTR of our algorithm, and show that our algorithm provides a TTR within order O(M) when compared with Generated Orthogonal Sequence and Channel Rendezvous Sequence of order \(O(P^2)\). The algorithm further provides an improved performance in comparison to the Jump–Stay and Enhanced Jump–Stay Rendezvous Algorithms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Yucek, T., & Arslan, H. (2009). A survey of spectrum sensing algorithms for cognitive radio applications. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 11(1), 116–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Cormio, C., & Chowdhury, K. R. (2009). A survey on mac protocols for cognitive radio networks. Ad Hoc Network, 7(7), 1315–1329. doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2009.01.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Lo, B.F. (2011). A survey of common control channel design in cognitive radio networks. Physical Communication, 4(1), 26–39. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1874490710000406.

  4. Horine, B., & Turgut, D. (2007). Link rendezvous protocol for cognitive radio networks. In 2007 2nd IEEE international symposium on new frontiers in dynamic spectrum access networks (pp. 444–447).

  5. DaSilva, L. A., & Guerreiro, I. (2008). Sequence-based rendezvous for dynamic spectrum access. In 3rd IEEE Symposium on new frontiers in dynamic spectrum access networks, DySPAN 2008 (pp. 1–7).

  6. Theis, N. C., Thomas, R. W., & DaSilva, L. A. (2011). Rendezvous for cognitive radios. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 10(2), 216–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Liu, H., Lin, Z., Chu, X., & Leung, Y. W. (2012). Jump-stay rendezvous algorithm for cognitive radio networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 23(10), 1867–1881.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Lin, Z., Liu, H., Chu, X., & Leung, Y. W. (2013). Enhanced jump-stay rendezvous algorithm for cognitive radio networks. IEEE Communications Letters, 17(9), 1742–1745.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chuang, I. H., Wu, H. Y., & Kuo, Y. H. (2014). A fast blind rendezvous method by alternate hop-and-wait channel hopping in cognitive radio networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 13(10), 2171–2184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Chuang, I., Wu, H. Y., Lee, K. R., & Kuo, Y. H. (2013). Alternate hop-and-wait channel rendezvous method for cognitive radio networks. In INFOCOM, 2013 Proceedings IEEE (pp. 746–754).

  11. Liu, H., Lin, Z., Chu, X., & Leung, Y. W. (2010). Ring-walk based channel-hopping algorithms with guaranteed rendezvous for cognitive radio networks. In Green computing and communications (GreenCom), IEEE/ACM international conference on cyber, physical and social computing (CPSCom) (pp. 755–760).

  12. Chang, G. Y., Teng, W. H., Chen, H. Y., & Sheu, J. P. (2014). Novel channel-hopping schemes for cognitive radio networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 13(2), 407–421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Bian, K., Park, J.-M., & Chen, R. (2009). A quorum-based framework for establishing control channels in dynamic spectrum access networks. In Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, ser. MobiCom ’09. New York, NY, USA: ACM (pp. 25–36). doi:10.1145/1614320.1614324

  14. Bian, K., Park, J. M., & Chen, R. (2011). Control channel establishment in cognitive radio networks using channel hopping. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 29(4), 689–703.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Hou, F., Cai, L. X., Shen, X., & Jianwei, H. (2011). Asynchronus multichannel MAC design with difference-set-based hopping sequence. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 60, 1728–1739.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Gu, Z., Hua, Q.-S., Wang, Y., & Lau, F. C. M. (2013). Nearly optimal asynchronous blind rendezvous algorithm for cognitive radio networks. In 2013 IEEE international conference on sensing, communications and networking (SECON) (pp. 371–379).

  17. Chao, C.M., & Fu, H.-Y. (2013). Providing complete rendezvous guarantee for cognitive radio networks by quorum systems and latin squares. In 2013 IEEE wireless communications and networking conference (WCNC) (pp. 95–100).

  18. He, Q., & Zhang, P. (2012). Dynamic channel assignment using ant colony optimization for cognitive radio networks. In 2012 IEEE vehicular technology conference (VTC Fall) (pp. 1–5).

  19. Ohize, H., & Dlodlo, M. (2014). Antmac: A dynamic control channel selection mac protocol design for cognitive radio ad hoc network. In Proceeding of Southern Africa Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (SATNAC).

  20. Stevenson, C. R., Chouinard, G., Lei, Z., Hu, W., Shellhammer, S., & Caldwell, W. (2009). IEEE 802.22: The first cognitive radio wireless regional area network standard. IEEE Communications Magazine, 47, 130–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Shin, J., Yang, D., & Kim, C. (2010). A channel rendezvous scheme for cognitive radio networks. IEEE Communications Letters, 14(10), 954–956.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Special thanks to Dr Zhiyong Lin. This research is supported by the University of Cape Town, South Africa and Federal University of Technology, Minna Nigeria.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

    Henry Ohize & Mqhele Dlodlo

Authors
  1. Henry Ohize
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mqhele Dlodlo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Henry Ohize.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ohize, H., Dlodlo, M. A Channel Hopping Algorithm for Guaranteed Rendezvous in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks Using Swarm Intelligence. Wireless Pers Commun 96, 879–893 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4208-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4208-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation