Abstract
This paper proposes a phase shift scheme in cyclic delay diversity (CDD) for single-carrier frequency division multiple access in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The proposed scheme is assumed to be applied to the uplink of long term evolution (LTE) systems. Since the transmission rates of IoT applications are small, each uplink connection may occupy less than 12 subcarriers that corresponds to one resource block of the LTE. Since the length of the data sequence in time domain is short so that CDD may provide limited frequency diversity. The proposed scheme shifts the phases of the data symbols in time domain and spreads each subcarrier component over multiple subcarriers. Thus, more diversity gain can be realized with CDD. Numerical results obtained through computer simulation shows that the proposed scheme improves the performance by about 5–7 dB at the bit error rate of 10−4 for the data sequence length of 4. It is also shown that no increase of peak-to-average power ratio is observed with the proposed scheme.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ghavimi, F., & Chen, H. (2015). M2M communications in 3GPP LTE/LTE-A networks: Architectures, service requirements, challenges, and applications. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 17, 525–549.
Ratasuk, R., Mangalvedhe, N., Ghosh, A., & Vejlgaard, B. (2014). Narrow-band LTE-M system for M2M communication. In The 80th IEEE Vehicle Technology Conference.
3GPP LTE. (2011). 3GPP TS 36.211 version 10.0.0 Release 10, Jan 2011.
Song, S. H., Chen, G. L., & Letaief, K. B. (2011). Localized or interleaved? A tradeoff between diversity and CFO interference in multipath channels. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication, 10(9), 2829–2834.
Alamouti, S. M. (1998). A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 16(8), 1451–1458.
Tan, J., & Stuber, G. L. (2004). Multicarrier delay diversity modulation for MIMO systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication, 3(5), 1756–1763.
Ding, Z., Chen, H., Wu, Z., & Xie, W. (2009). Cyclic delay diversity for single carrier FDMA with linear precoding technology. In IET International Communication Conference on Wireless Mobile and Computing, pp. 369–372.
Geles, M., Averbuch, A., Amrani, O., & Ezri, D. (2012). Performance bounds for maximum likelihood detection of single carrier FDMA. IEEE Transactions on Communication, 60(7), 1945–1952.
Liu, L., Lofgren, J., & Nilsson, P. (2012). Low-complexity likelihood information generation for spatial-multiplexing MIMO signal detection. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 61(2), 607–616.
