Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Relay Node Placement with Assured Coverage and Connectivity: A Jarvis March Approach

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Relay node placement preserving coverage and connectivity is an important problem for the deployment of a fault tolerant two tier wireless sensor network (WSN). In this paper, we propose an algorithm for relay node placement that ensures k-coverage of the sensor nodes and s-connectivity of the relay nodes within the network. The basic goal of the algorithm is to optimize the network cost by using least number of relay nodes. This is carried out by reducing the overlapped coverage area of the relay nodes. The algorithm is based on the spiral traversal of sensor nodes, which is generated by using Jarvis March approach. The proposed algorithm runs in \(O(n^{2})\) time for n sensor nodes and is shown to be a 1.5-approximation algorithm. It is equally efficient for different and unequal degree of coverage and connectivity in the target area. The algorithm is experimented through the simulation run for different scenarios of WSN. The experimental results are then compared with some existing algorithms to demonstrate its effectiveness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Akyildiz, I. F., et al. (2002). Wireless sensor networks: A survey. Computer Networks, 38(4), 393–422.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Abbasi, A. A., & Younis, M. (2007). A survey on clustering algorithms for wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 30(14), 2826–2841.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Azharuddin, M., Kuila, P., Jana, P. K. (2013). A distributed fault-tolerant clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks. In 2013 International conference on advances in computing, communications and informatics (ICACCI). IEEE.

  4. Kuila, P., & Jana, P. K. (2014). Approximation schemes for load balanced clustering in wireless sensor networks. The Journal of Supercomputing, 68(1), 87–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ma, C., et al. (2016). A connectivity-aware approximation algorithm for relay node placement in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 16(2), 515–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Tang, J., Hao, B., & Sen, A. (2006). Relay node placement in large scale wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 29(4), 490–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hao, B., Tang, H., Xue, G. (2004). Fault-tolerant relay node placement in wireless sensor networks: Formulation and approximation. In 2004 Workshop on high performance switching and routing, 2004. HPSR. IEEE

  8. Pan, R., et al. (2015). An opportunistic relay protocol with dynamic scheduling in wireless body area sensor network. IEEE Sensors Journal, 15(7), 3743–3750.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Nitesh, K., & Jana, P. K. (2016). Distributed fault detection and recovery algorithms in two-tier wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems, 16(3), 281–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Nitesh, K., Azharuddin, M., & Jana, P. K. (2015). Energy efficient fault-tolerant clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks. In 2015 International conference on green computing and internet of things (ICGCIoT) (pp. 234–239). IEEE.

  11. Gupta, G., & Younis, M. (2003). Load-balanced clustering of wireless sensor networks. In IEEE international conference on communications, 2003. ICC’03 (Vol. 3). IEEE.

  12. Nitesh, K., & Jana, P. K. (2014). Relay node placement algorithm in wireless sensor network. In 2014 IEEE international advance computing conference (IACC). IEEE.

  13. Preparata, F. P., & Shamos, M. (2012). Computational geometry: An introduction. Berlin: Springer.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Chazelle, B., Guibas, L. J., & Lee, D.-T. (1985). The power of geometric duality. BIT Numerical Mathematics, 25(1), 76–90.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Bari, A., et al. (2012). Design of fault tolerant wireless sensor networks satisfying survivability and lifetime requirements. Computer Communications, 35(3), 320–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Gupta, H. P., Tyagi, P. K., & Singh, M. P. (2015). Regular node deployment for-coverage in-connected wireless networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 15(12), 7126–7134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu, H., Wan, P.-J., Jia, X. (2005). Fault-tolerant relay node placement in wireless sensor networks. In International computing and combinatorics conference. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (pp. 230–239).

  18. Zhang, R., et al. (2008). Testbed experimentation of a meshed tree routing with local link state for wireless PAN mesh. In 2008 IEEE international conference on communications. IEEE (pp. 3060–3065).

  19. Lloyd, E. L., & Xue, G. (2007). Relay node placement in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 56(1), 134–138.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Sun, G., et al. (2015). Effective link interference model in topology control of wireless Ad hoc and sensor networks. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 52, 69–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hao, X.-C., Xin, M.-J., & Ru, X.-Y. (2015). EAPOR: A distributed, energy-aware topology control algorithm based path obstacle remove model for WSN. Wireless Personal Communications, 80(2), 671–692.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Al Islam, A. B. M. A., et al. (2014). Backpacking: Energy-efficient deployment of heterogeneous radios in multi-radio high-data-rate wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access, 2, 1281–1306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Guo, J., et al. (2015). Distributed fault-tolerant topology control in cooperative wireless Ad Hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 26(10), 2699–2710.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Halder, S., & Bit, S. D. (2014). Enhancement of wireless sensor network lifetime by deploying heterogeneous nodes. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 38, 106–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Srinivas, A., Zussman, G., & Modiano, E. (2009). Construction and maintenance of wireless mobile backbone networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), 17(1), 239–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Ali, K., Alsalih, W., Hassanein, H. (2011). Set-Cover approximation algorithms for load-aware readers placement in RFID networks. In 2011 IEEE international conference on communications (ICC), IEEE (pp. 1–6).

  27. Xu, K., et al. (2005). Optimal wireless sensor networks (WSNs) deployment: minimum cost with lifetime constraint. WiMob’2005). In IEEE international conference on wireless and mobile computing, networking and communications, 2005 (Vol. 3, pp. 454–461) IEEE.

  28. Hou, Y. T., et al. (2005). On energy provisioning and relay node placement for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 4(5), 2579–2590.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Azharuddin, M., Kuila, P., & Jana, P. K. (2015). Energy efficient fault tolerant clustering and routing algorithms for wireless sensor networks. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 41, 177–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Azharuddin, M., & Jana, P. K. (2015). A distributed algorithm for energy efficient and fault tolerant routing in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks, 21(1), 251–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Azharuddin, M., Kuila, P., & Jana, P. K. (2013). A distributed fault-tolerant clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks. In 2013 International conference on advances in computing, communications and informatics (ICACCI) (pp. 997–1002). IEEE.

  32. Younis, M., & Akkaya, K. (2008). Strategies and techniques for node placement in wireless sensor networks: A survey. Ad Hoc Networks, 6(4), 621–655.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Zhu, C., et al. (2012). A survey on coverage and connectivity issues in wireless sensor networks. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 35(2), 619–632.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Akkaya, K., & Younis, M. (2008). Coverage and latency aware actor placement mechanisms in WSANs. International Journal of Sensor Networks, 3(3), 152–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Bari, A., Jaekel, A., Bandyopadhyay, S. (2007). Optimal placement of relay nodes in two-tiered, fault tolerant sensor networks. In 12th IEEE symposium on computers and communications, ISCC 2007. IEEE, 2007 (pp. 159–164).

  36. Feeney, L. M., Nilsson, M. (2001). Investigating the energy consumption of a wireless network interface in an ad hoc networking environment. In INFOCOM, twentieth annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies. Proceedings. IEEE. (Vol. 3, pp. 1548–1557). IEEE 2001.

  37. Ok, C.-S., et al. (2009). Distributed energy balanced routing for wireless sensor networks. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 57(1), 125–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. ILOG, S. Ilog cplex 11.1 reference manual, Mountain View, California: ILOG SA.

Download references

Acknowledgements

The first version of the paper [12] appeared in the proceedings of International Advanced Computing Conference 2014 held at Gurgaon, India during February 21–22, 2014. The authors of this paper are thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. NIIT University, Neemrana, Rajasthan, 301705, India

    Kumar Nitesh

  2. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, India

    Prasanta K. Jana

Authors
  1. Kumar Nitesh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Prasanta K. Jana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kumar Nitesh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Nitesh, K., Jana, P.K. Relay Node Placement with Assured Coverage and Connectivity: A Jarvis March Approach. Wireless Pers Commun 98, 1361–1381 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4922-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4922-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation