Skip to main content
Log in

Trust Based Intrusion Detection Technique to Detect Selfish Nodes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The applications and protocols conceived for mobile ad hoc networks rely on the assumption of cooperation amongst the mobile nodes because of lacking infrastructure. All nodes have to spend their precious resources (e.g. battery power, memory, computational power, and network bandwidth) for routing and packet forwarding operations for other nodes, in a cooperative way in the network. However, there are some nodes that may intentionally turn themselves to behave selfishly in order to conserve their valuable resources. The selfish behaviour of such nodes drastically reduces the desired degree of cooperation amongst the mobile nodes. Over the course of time, the non-cooperative activities of, such selfish nodes would paralyze the normal functioning of the whole network. Therefore, these types of nodes should be detected and isolated from the network, as soon as they begin to exhibit their selfish behaviour. In this paper, a dynamic trust based intrusion detection technique is presented to detect and isolate the selfish nodes from the network, where the direct trust degree based on direct communication interactions and indirect (recommended) trust degree based on the neighbours’ recommendations are taking into account to accurately judge the selfishness nature of the nodes. The results obtained throughout the simulation experiments clearly show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed intrusion detection technique.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Chlamtac, I., Conti, M., & Liu, J. J. N. (2003). Mobile ad hoc networking: imperatives and challenges. Ad Hoc Networks, 1(1), 13–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Hoebeke, J., Moerman, I., Dhoedt, B., & Demeester, P. (2004). An overview of mobile ad hoc networks: applications and challenges. Journal-Communications Network, 3(3), 60–66.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Al-Karaki, J. N., & Kamal, A. E. (2004). Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: A survey. IEEE Wireless Communications, 11(6), 6–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Buttyán, L., & Hubaux, J. P. (2003). Stimulating cooperation in self-organizing mobile ad hoc networks. Mobile Networks and Applications, 8(5), 579–592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Chiejina, E., Xiao, H., & Christianson, B. (2015). A dynamic reputation management system for mobile ad hoc networks. Computers, 4(2), 87–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Rodriguez-Mayol, A., & Gozalvez, J. (2014). Reputation based selfishness prevention techniques for mobile ad-hoc networks. Telecommunication Systems, 57(2), 181–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sun, Y. L., Han, Z., Yu, W., & Liu, K. R. (2006). A trust evaluation framework in distributed networks: Vulnerability analysis and defense against attacks. In Proceedings of 25TH IEEE international conference on computer communications (IEEE INFOCOM 2006) (pp. 1–13). IEEE.

  8. Jiang, J., Han, G., Wang, F., Shu, L., & Guizani, M. (2015). An efficient distributed trust model for wireless sensor networks. IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems26(5), 1228–1237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Perkins, C. E, & Royer, E. M. (1999). Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing. In Proceedings of 2nd IEEE workshop on mobile computing systems and applications (WMCSA’99) (pp. 90–100). IEEE.

  10. Michiardi, P., & Molva, R. (2002). Simulation-based analysis of security exposures in mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of European wireless conference 2002: Next generation wireless networks: Technologies, protocols, services applications (pp. 15–17).

  11. Subramaniyan, S., Johnson, W., & Subramaniyan, K. (2014). A distributed framework for detecting selfish nodes in MANET using Record-and Trust-Based Detection (RTBD) technique. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2014(1), 205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Sengathir, J., & Manoharan, R. (2015). Exponential reliability coefficient based reputation mechanism for isolating selfish nodes in MANETs. Egyptian Informatics Journal, 16(2), 231–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kargl, F., Klenk, A., Schlott, S., & Weber, M. (2004). Advanced detection of selfish or malicious nodes in ad hoc networks. In European Workshop on Security in Ad hoc and Sensor Networks (pp. 152–165). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

  14. Yoo, Y., Ahn, S., & Agrawal, D. P. (2005). A credit-payment scheme for packet forwarding fairness in mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2005) (Vol. 5, pp. 3005–3009). IEEE.

  15. Yoo, Y., & Agrawal, D. P. (2006). Why does it pay to be selfish in a MANET? IEEE Wireless Communications, 13(6), 87–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Toh, C. K., Kim, D., Oh, S., & Yoo, H. (2010). The controversy of selfish nodes in ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of 12th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT) (Vol. 2, pp. 1087–1092). IEEE.

  17. Gupta, S., Nagpal, C. K., & Singla, C. (2011). Impact of selfish node concentration in manets. International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks (IJWMN), 3(2), 29–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Marti, S., Giuli, T. J., Lai, K., & Baker, M. (2000). Mitigating routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking (pp. 255–265). ACM.

  19. Hernández-Orallo, E., Olmos, M. D. S., Cano, J. C., Calafate, C. T., & Manzoni, P. (2014). A fast model for evaluating the detection of selfish nodes using a collaborative approach in MANETs. Wireless Personal Communications, 74(3), 1099–1116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ferraz, L. H. G., Velloso, P. B., & Duarte, O. C. M. (2014). An accurate and precise malicious node exclusion mechanism for ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 19, 142–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Shakshuki, E. M., Kang, N., & Sheltami, T. R. (2013). EAACK—A secure intrusion-detection system for MANETs. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 60(3), 1089–1098.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Djenouri, D., Ouali, N., Mahmoudi, A., & Badache, N. (2005). Random feedbacks for selfish nodes detection in mobile ad hoc networks. In T. Magedanz, E. R. M. Madeira, & P. Dini (Eds.), Operations and Management in IP-Based Networks. IPOM 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol. 3751, pp. 68–75). Springer, Berlin.

  23. Miranda, H., & Rodrigues, L. (2003). Friends and foes: Preventing selfishness in open mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of 23rd IEEE international conference on distributed computing systems workshops (pp. 440–445). IEEE.

  24. Das, V. V. (2007). IP-based credit mobile ad-hoc networks. In Proceedings of IEEE international conference on computational intelligence and multimedia applications (ICCIMA 2007) (Vol. 4, pp. 453–457). IEEE.

  25. Demir, C., & Comaniciu, C. (2007). An auction based AODV protocol for mobile ad hoc networks with selfish nodes. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC’07) (pp. 3351–3356). IEEE.

  26. Wang, Y., Giruka, V. C., & Singhal, M. (2008). Truthful multipath routing for ad hoc networks with selfish nodes. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 68(6), 778–789.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Soltanali, S., Pirahesh, S., Niksefat, S., & Sabaei, M. (2007). An efficient scheme to motivate cooperation in mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of IEEE Third International Conference on Networking and Services (ICNS ‘07) (pp. 98–103). IEEE.

  28. Kumar, J. M. S. P. J., Kathirvel, A., Kirubakaran, N., Sivaraman, P., & Subramaniam, M. (2015). A unified approach for detecting and eliminating selfish nodes in MANETs using TBUT. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2015(1), 143.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Sengathir, J., & Manoharan, R. (2015). Semi-markov Process Based Cooperation Enforcement Mechanism for MANETs. In L. Jain, H. Behera, J. Mandal & D. Mohapatra (Eds.), Computational Intelligence in Data Mining — Volume 2. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies (Vol 32, pp. 683–693). Springer: New Delhi.

  30. Sengathir, J., & Manoharan, R. (2015). A futuristic trust coefficient-based semi-Markov prediction model for mitigating selfish nodes in MANETs. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2015(1), 158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kaliappan, M., & Paramasivan, B. (2015). Enhancing secure routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks using a Dynamic Bayesian Signalling Game model. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 41, 301–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Mao, Y., & Zhu, P. (2015). A game theoretical model for energy-aware DTN routing in Manets with nodes’ selfishness. Mobile Networks and Applications, 20(5), 593–603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Das, D., Majumder, K., & Dasgupta, A. (2015). Selfish node detection and low cost data transmission in MANET using game theory. Procedia Computer Science, 54, 92–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Zhao, D. (2006). Access control in ad hoc networks with selfish nodes. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 6(6), 761–772.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Yan, L., & Hailes, S. (2008). Designing incentive packet relaying strategies for wireless ad hoc networks with game theory. In A. Miri (Ed.), Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks II. IFIP — The International Federation for Information Processing II (Vol 264, pp. 137–148). Springer: Boston.

  36. Komali, R. S., MacKenzie, A. B., & Gilles, R. P. (2008). Effect of selfish node behavior on efficient topology design. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 7(9), 1057–1070.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Refaei, M. T., Srivastava, V., DaSilva, L., & Eltoweissy, M. (2005). A reputation-based mechanism for isolating selfish nodes in ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of 2nd IEEE annual international conference on mobile and ubiquitous systems: Networking and services (MobiQuitous 2005) (pp. 3–11). IEEE.

  38. He, Q., Wu, D., & Khosla, P. (2004). SORI: a secure and objective reputation-based incentive scheme for ad-hoc networks. In Proceedings of IEEE wireless communications and networking conference (WCNC. 2004), (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8733) (Vol. 2, pp. 825–830). IEEE.

  39. Cho, J. H., & Chen, R. (2013). On the tradeoff between altruism and selfishness in MANET trust management. Ad Hoc Networks, 11(8), 2217–2234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Thorat, S. A., & Kulkarni, P. J. (2015). Opportunistic routing in presence of selfish nodes for MANET. Wireless Personal Communications, 82(2), 689–708.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Chakrabarti, C., Banerjee, A., Chakrabarti, S., & Chakraborty, A. (2015). A novel approach for non-cooperative node detection and avoidance using reputation-based scheme in mobile ad hoc network. In K. Maharatna, G. Dalapati, P. Banerjee, A. Mallick, M. Mukherjee (Eds.), Computational Advancement in Communication Circuits and Systems. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering (Vol 335, pp. 279–289). New Delhi: Springer.

  42. Velloso, P. B., Laufer, R. P., Cunha, D. D. O., Duarte, O. C. M., & Pujolle, G. (2010). Trust management in mobile ad hoc networks using a scalable maturity-based model. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 7(3), 172–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. McGibney, J., & Botvich, D. (2007). Establishing trust between mail servers to improve spam filtering. In B. Xiao, L. T. Yang, J. Ma, C. Muller-Schloer, Y. Hua (Eds.), Autonomic and Trusted Computing. ATC 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,  (Vol 4610, pp. 146–155). Springer.

  44. Wang, B., Chen, X., & Chang, W. (2014). A light-weight trust-based QoS routing algorithm for ad hoc networks. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 13, 164–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Velloso, P. B. B., Laufer, R. P. P., Duarte, O. C. M., & Pujolle, G. (2008). A trust model robust to slander attacks in ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of 17th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN’08) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

  46. Kansal, A., Ramamoorthy, A., Srivastava, M. B., & Pottie, G. J. (2005). On sensor network lifetime and data distortion. In Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT 2005) (pp. 6–10). IEEE.

  47. Basu, P., & Redi, J. (2004). Effect of overhearing transmissions on energy efficiency in dense sensor networks. In Proceedings of ACM 3rd international symposium on Information processing in sensor networksIPSN’04 (pp. 196–204). ACM.

  48. NETWORK SIMULATOR-2.34. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/.

  49. Hua, C., & Yum, T. S. P. (2008). Optimal routing and data aggregation for maximizing lifetime of wireless sensor networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), 16(4), 892–903.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Chen, C. L., Lee, J. W., Lin, C. Z., Chen, Y. T., Ker, J. S., & Kuo, Y. H. (2007). Generic energy-efficient geographic routing for ad-hoc wireless networks. In M. K. Denko et al. (Eds.), Emerging Directions in Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing. EUC 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol 4809, pp. 321–332). Springer.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sunil Kumar.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumar, S., Dutta, K. Trust Based Intrusion Detection Technique to Detect Selfish Nodes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 101, 2029–2052 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5804-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5804-4

Keywords

Navigation