Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Modified-PRMA MAC Protocol for Cognitive Radio Networks

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The problem of spectrum scarcity is an important issue in the field of cognitive radio ad-hoc networks. This problem attributes to the fact that spectrum usage must be efficient, today. In this paper, a Modified-Packet Reservation Multiple Access Protocol is proposed for decentralized cognitive radio ad-hoc networks by making the use Opportunistic/Overlay Spectrum Access method for share spectrum with primary users (PU) to cope with the problem of spectrum scarcity and inefficient spectrum utilization. The Secondary Users can use the unused time slots assigned to PU. The protocol designed in this paper is a combination of slotted-ALOHA and CSMA/CA protocol. In order to analyse the model mathematically and derive out the throughput, a four state Markov Chain model is defined in the given paper. The performance evaluation of the discussed protocol is done in terms of the throughput with a number of varying parameters like number of slots, number of packets transmitted by Secondary Users etc. At the end, significant results with discussion are presented in the form graphs in accordance with a number of stated parameters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. FCC. (2002). Spectrum policy task force report, ET docket no. 02-155, 2002.

  2. Mitola, J., & Maquire, G. Q. (1999). Cognitive radio: Making software radios more personal. IEEE Personal Communication, 6(4), 13–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. FCC. (2003). Notice of proposed rule-making and order, ET docket no. 03-222, 2003.

  4. Tandra, R., Mishra, M., & Sahai, A. (2009). What is a spectrum hole and what does it take to recognize one? Proceedings of IEEE, 97(5), 824–848.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Fantacci, Romano, & Marabissi, Dania. (2016). Cognitive spectrum sharing: An enabling wireless communication technology for a wide use of smart systems. Future Internet, 8, 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Sharma, V., & Jain, R. C. (2011). A review of packet reservation multiple access. International Journal of Computer Science, 8, 303–312.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Tzeng, S.-S., Lin, Y.-J., Wei, L.-S., & Su, F. J. A. (2016). Packet reservation multiple access with cross multi-frames in cognitive capillary machine type communication networks. In IEEE international conference on internet of things and IEEE green computing and communication and IEEE cyber, physical and social computing and IEEE smart data (pp. 372–375).

  8. Agarwal, S., Shakya, R. K., Singh, Y. N., & Roy, A. (2012). DSAT-MAC: Dynamic slot allocation based TDMA MAC protocol for cognitive radio networks. In The ninth international conference on wireless and optical communications networks (pp. 1–6).

  9. Zhao, Q., Tong, L., Swami, A., & Chen, Y. (2007). Decentralized cognitive MAC for opportunistic spectrum access in ad hoc networks: A POMDP framework. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 25, 589–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Timalsina, S. K., Moh, S., Chung, I., & Kang, M. (2013). A concurrent access MAC protocol for cognitive radio ad hoc networks without common control channel. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, 2013, 1–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Su, H., & Zhang, X. (2008). Cross-layer-based opportunistic MAC protocols for QoS provisioning’s over cognitive radio wireless networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 26(1), 118–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhang, X., & Su, H. (2008). CREAM-MAC: An efficient cognitive radio-enabled multi-channel MAC protocol for wireless networks. In Proceeding of international symposium on world of wireless, mobile and multimedia networks, 2008.

  13. Le, L., & Hossain, E. (2008). OSA-MAC: A MAC protocol for opportunistic spectrum access in cognitive radio networks. In Proceedings of IEEE WCNC, Las Vegas, NV (pp. 1426–1430).

  14. Thoppian, M., Venkatesan, S., & Prakash, R. (2007). CSMA-based MAC protocol for cognitive radio networks. In IEEE international symposium on a world of wireless, mobile and multimedia networks, 2007.

  15. Ali, A., Piran, M., Kim, H., Yun, J., & Suh, D. Y. (2015). Pad-mac: Primary user activity-aware distributed mac for multi-channel cognitive radio networks. Sensors, 15, 7658–7690.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Jiang, S., Rao, J., He, D., Ling, X., & Ko, C. C. (2002). A simple distributed PRMA for MANETs. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 51(2), 293–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lin, Wu, & Varshney, Pramod K. (1999). Performance analysis of CSMA and BTMA protocols in multihop networks: Part I-single channel case. Elsevier, 120, 159–177.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India

    Rishi Pal Singh, Anju Sangwan & Kiran Godara

Authors
  1. Rishi Pal Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anju Sangwan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kiran Godara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anju Sangwan.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Singh, R.P., Sangwan, A. & Godara, K. Modified-PRMA MAC Protocol for Cognitive Radio Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 107, 869–885 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06306-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06306-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation