Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Robust MPR: A Novel Algorithm for Secure and Efficient Data Transmission in VANET

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A major issue in VANETs is the high mobility of the nodes. Broadcasting helps in improving the performance of the VANETs in terms of secure routing. However, broadcasting is a major overhead in VANETs. Broadcasting is still a widely used technique in wireless ad hoc networks and is mainly used to transmit network control information and application oriented data. The Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) uses a multipoint relay scheme (MPR) to flood the network with control messages involving topology and other technical data. The method generally adopted is flooding which sometimes may lead to congestion in the network. The OLSR technique also has the capability of reducing retransmissions that are redundant and obsolete. We have proposed a MPR selection technique for a robust broadcast in VANETs. Our proposed method tries to cover all the 2-hop MPR nodes ‘m’ times. It also considers the weaker 2-hop MPR nodes set and compensates by providing an alternate solution to counteract the same. In fact, the proposed method determines the strength of the 2-hop MPR set before the start of the transmission and also tries to control the flooding of the transmission control messages. The proposed method is capable of recovering faster when there are broken communication links using the concept of friend MPR nodes. This is made possible with the help of the control packets which carry information regarding the RMPR and the Friend MPR nodes. The RMPR nodes are analyzed using a network simulator (NS2) and mathematical modeling. The values were obtained from the graph readings that were supplied to the simulator. The performance analysis has been tabulated in the results and discussion section. We have studied the performance of the proposed RMPR–OLSR protocol with the existing MMPR–OLSR and the OLSR protocols. The protocols were assessed by studying the network performance when the number of nodes was increased. It was assessed based on the nature of the traffic within the network. The delay for the proposed RMPR–OSLR was lesser than the other two methods (even with an increase in the number of nodes). Similarly, the packet drop for RMPR–OLSR was lesser than MMPR–OLSR and OLSR. The throughput of the RMPR–OLSR was found to increase by than the other existing protocols. The channel utilization was found to be more improved than the other protocols. In fact, the packet delivery ratio (PDR) of the proposed protocol was more than the other two protocols. Thus, the proposed protocol is capable of improving the overall throughput of the network and also helps in maximizing the PDR with respect to the MPR selection technique employed by OLSR.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Toh, C. K. (2001). Ad hoc mobile wireless networks: Protocols and systems. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Jacquet, P., Muhlethaler, P., Clausen, T. Laouiti, A. Qayyum, A., & Viennot, L. (2001). Optimized link state routing protocol for ad hoc networks. In IEEE international multitopic conference, Lahore, Pakistan.

  3. Zhang, Q., & Agarwal, D. P. (2005). Dynamic probabilistic broadcasting in MANET. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing,65(2), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2004.09.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Clausen, T., & Jacquet, P. (2003). Optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR), RFC Experimental 3626. In Internet engineering task force.

  5. Liang, O., Sekercioglu, Y. A., & Mani, N. (2006). A survey of multipoint relay based broadcast schemes in wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials,8(4), 30–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Busson, A., Mitton, N., & Fleury, E. (2006). An analysis of the MPR selection in OLSR and consequences. In: Mediterranean ad hoc networking workshop, le de Porquerolles, France.

  7. Xu, H., Wu, X., Sadjadpour, H. R., & Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. (2010). A unified analysis of routing protocols in MANETs. IEEE Transactions on Communications,58(3), 911–922.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. 802.11-2007 - IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems - Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Specific Requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. IEEE.

  9. Chiu, C.-Y., Wu, E. H.-K., & Chen, G.-H. (2007). A reliable and efficient MAC layer broadcast protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,56(4), 2296–2305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Javed, S., & Pirzada A. A. (2009). Performance analysis of OLSR protocol in amobile ad hoc wireless network. In: International conference on computer control and communication, Karachi, Pakistan, 2009.

  11. Bianchi, G. (2000). Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,18(3), 535–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Viennot, L. (1998). Complexity results on election of multipoint relays in wireless networks. INRIA RR-3584.

  13. Yamada, K., Itokawa, T., Kitasuka, T., & Aritsugi, M. (2010). Cooperative MPR selection to reduce topology control packets in OLSR. In IEEE Region10 conference, Fukuoka, Japan.

  14. Bai, Y., Liu, Y., & Yuan, D. (2010). An optimized method for minimum MPRs selection based on node density. In International conference on wireless communications networking and mobile computing, Chengdu, China.

  15. Liu, H., Jia, X., Wan, P.-J., Liu, X., & Yao, F. F. (2007). A distributed and efficient flooding scheme using 1-hop information in mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems,18(5), 658–671.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Le, T. D., & Choo, H. (2009). Towards an efficient flooding scheme exploiting 2- hop backward information in MANETs. IEICE Transactions on Communications,E92-B (4), 1199–1209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Nilsson, J., & Sterner, U. (2012). Robust MPR-based flooding in mobile ad-hoc networks. In Military communication conference, Orlando, FL, USA.

  18. Ahn, J. H., & Lee, T. (2014). Multipoint relay selection for robust broadcast in ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Networks,17, 82–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ahn, J. H. et al. (2015). MAC-aware concentrated multi-point relay selection algorithm. Wireless Personal Communications.

  20. Al AghaI, K., G. Lassous, Pujolle G. (2006). Challenges in ad hoc networking. Fourth Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop. June 21–24, Springer.

  21. Qayyum, A. A., & Viennot, L. (2002). Multipoint relaying: An efficient technique for flooding in mobile wireless networks. In Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii international conference on system sciences sciences (HICSS.2002) (pp. 3866–3875).

  22. Qcc, S. H. E. N., & Yf, L. U. (2009). MPR election frequency based extended OLSR protocol in wireless mesh networks. Computer Science,36(12), 93–97.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Zhagn, M. H. (2008). The improved OLSR base on high-speed nodes. Journal of Chengdu University (Natural Science Edition),27(1), 38–41.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Sharma, S. (2009). P-OLSR: Position-based optimized link state routing for mobile ad Hoc networks. In LCN 2009: The 34th IEEE conference on local computer networks (pp. 237–240).

  25. Sathiamoorthy, J., & Ramakrishnan, B. (2016). CEAACK: A reduced acknowledgment for better data transmission for MANETs. International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security (IJCNIS),8(2), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.5815/ijcnis.2016.02.08.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Sathiamoorthy, J., Ramakrishnan, B., & Usha, M. (2018). A three layered peer-to-peer energy efficient protocol for reliable and secure data transmission in EAACK MANETs. Wireless Personal Communication,102(1), 201–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Sathiamoorthy, J., Ramakrishnan, B., & Usha, M. (2015). Design of a competent broadcast algorithm for reliable transmission in CEAACK MANETs. Journal of Network Communications and Emerging Technologies,5(1), 144–151.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Usha, M., Ramakrishnan, B., & Sathiamoorthy, J. (2018). A trusted waterfall framework based peer to peer protocol for reliable and energy efficient data transmission in MANETs. Wireless Personal Communication,102(1), 95–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Sathiamoorthy, J., & Ramakrishnan, B. (2016). Energy and delay efficient dynamic cluster formation using improved ant colony optimization algorithm in EAACK MANETs. Wireless Personal Communication,95, 1–122.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ramakrishnan, B. (2013). Analysis of Manhattan mobility model without RSUs. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering,9(5), 82–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Joe, M. M., & Ramakrishnan, B. (2015). WVANET: Modelling a novel web based communication architecture for vehicular network. Wireless Personal Communications,85(4), 1987–2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Joe, M. Milton, & Ramakrishnan, B. (2016). Review of vehicular ad hoc network communication models including WVANET (Web VANET) model and WVANET future research directions. Wireless Networks,22(7), 2369–2386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Joe, M. Milton, & Ramakrishnan, B. (2017). Novel authentication mechanism for checking node reliability in web vehicular ad hoc network. International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing,13(2), 87–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Milton Joe, M., Shaji, R. S., & Ashok Kumar, K. (2013). Establishing inter vehicle wireless communication in VANET and preventing it from hackers. International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security,5(8), 55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Ramakrishan, B., Milton Joe, M., & Bhagavath Nishanth, R. (2014). Modeling and simulation of efficient cluster based Manhattan Mobility model for Vehicular communication. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Web Intelligence,6(2), 253–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Jacquet, P., Laouiti, A, Minet, P., & Viennot, L. (2001). Performance analysis of OLSR multipoint relay flooding in two ad hoc wireless network models. INRIA RR-4260.

  37. Ros, F. J. (2011) UM-OLSR, Software package. http://masimum.inf.um.es/fjrm/?page_id=116.

  38. Ramakrishnan, B., Dr, R. S., & Rajesh, R. S. Shaji. (2011). CBVANET: A cluster based vehicular adhoc network model for simple highway communication. International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications,02(04), 755–761.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India

    M. Usha

  2. ST Hindu College, Nagercoil, India

    B. Ramakrishnan

Authors
  1. M. Usha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. B. Ramakrishnan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Usha.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Usha, M., Ramakrishnan, B. Robust MPR: A Novel Algorithm for Secure and Efficient Data Transmission in VANET. Wireless Pers Commun 110, 355–380 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06732-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06732-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation