Abstract
The well established way of communication using radio frequency (RF) waves do not perform well in Non-Conventional (Non-Con) media viz. underground and underwater. Herein, the medium of soil or water is dynamic thus the use of RF technique is unusable. To establish a more effective communication in Non-Con media, researches showed that Magnetic Induction (MI) communication to be more suitable. In MI communication, parameters like number of turns, size and coil orientation have a significant effect on transceiver coil model. In this paper, a novel MI transmitter model using superconductor (SC) in one directional (1D) and in three directional (3D) is proposed. The model provides an enhanced magnetic field strength over a given distance. Further, SC based relay coils which collectively known as waveguide structure is also proposed to increase the MI communication range with intensified field strength. The performance evaluations are quantified in terms of communication range and received power for Non-Con medias. The frequency response for SC based transmitter model is given for maximum power transfer. Besides, the performance of traditional MI systems and waveguide are quantitatively compared with our improved SC based MI system and waveguide. The results show that the system has stronger magnetic field strength and greater communication range than the traditional ones.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sharma, A. K., Yadav, S., Dandu, S. N., Kumar, V., Sengupta, J., Dhok, S. B., et al. (2017). Magnetic induction-based non-conventional media communications: A review. IEEE Sensors Journal, 17, 926–940.
Singh, P., Khosla, A., Kumar, A., & Khosla, M. (2017). 3D localization of moving target nodes using single anchor node in anisotropic wireless sensor networks. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 82, 543–552.
Kumar, V., Bhusari, R., Dhok, S. B., Prakash, A., Tripathi, R., & Tiwari, S. (2018). Design of magnetic induction based energy-efficient wsns for nonconventional media using multilayer transmitter-enabled novel energy model. IEEE Systems Journal, 99, 1–12.
Sandeep, D. N., & Kumar, V. (2017). Review on clustering, coverage and connectivity in underwater wireless sensor networks: A communication techniques perspective. IEEE Access, 5, 11176–11199.
Qian, H. Y., Zhou, P. B., & Ma, G. T. (2017). Magnetic coupling enhancement for contactless power transfer with superconductors. IEEE Magnetics Letters, 8, 1–4.
superpower. www.superpower-inc.com.
Sun, Z., & Akyildiz, I. F. (2009). Underground wireless communication using magnetic induction. In IEEE International Conference on Communications (pp. 1-5), Dresden, Germany.
Sun, Z., & Akyildiz, I. F. (2010). Magnetic induction communications for wireless underground sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 58, 2426–2435.
Kisseleff, S., Gerstacker, W., Schober, R., Sun, Z., & Akyildiz, I. F. (2013). Channel capacity of magnetic induction based wireless underground sensor networks under practical constraints. In IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) (pp. 2603–2608), Shanghai, China.
Ahmed, N., Zheng, Y. R., & Pommerenke, D. ( 2015). Theoretical modeling of multi-coil channels in near field magneto-inductive communication. In: IEEE 82nd Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC2015-Fall (pp. 1–5), Boston, MA, USA.
Syms, R. R. A., Shamonina, E., & Solymar, L. (2006). Magneto-inductive waveguide devices. IEEE Proceedings-Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 153, 111–121.
Wiltshire, M. C. K., Shamonina, E., Young, I. R., & Solymar, L. (2003). Dispersion characteristics of magneto-inductive waves: Comparison between theory and experiment. IET Electronics Letters, 39, 215–217.
Jiang, Y. Z., Ying, W. W., & HU, Q. L. (2018). Signal enhancement techniques for through-the-earth communication based on multiple references and beamforming. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 86, 86–91.
Shen, B., Li, J., Geng, J., Fu, L., Zhang, X., Li, C., et al. (2017). Investigation and comparison of AC losses on stabilizer-free and copper stabilizer HTS tapes. Physica C: Superconductivity and Its Applications, 541, 40–44.
Shen, B., Li, J., Geng, J., Fu, L., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., et al. (2017). Investigation of AC losses in horizontally parallel HTS tapes. Superconductor Science and Technology, 30, 750–756.
Shen, B., Geng, J., Zhang, X., Fu, L., Li, C., Zhang, H., et al. (2017). AC losses in horizontally parallel HTS tapes for possible wireless power transfer applications. Physica C: Superconductivity and Its Applications, 543, 35–40.
Grilli, F., Pardo, E., Stenvall, A., Nguyen, D. N., Yuan, W., & Gömöry, F. (2014). Computation of losses in HTS under the action of varying magnetic fields and currents. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 24, 78–110.
Zhang, G., Yu, H., Jing, L., Li, J., Liu, Q., & Feng, X. (2014). Wireless power transfer using high temperature superconducting pancake coils. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 24, 1–5.
Jeong, I. S., Choi, H. S., & Kang, M. S. (2015). Application of the superconductor coil for the improvement of wireless power transmission using magnetic resonance. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, 28, 639–644.
Jing, H. C., & Wang, Y. E. (2008). Capacity performance of an inductively coupled near field communication system. In Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (pp. 1–4), San Diego, CA, USA.
Kumar, V. (2017). Energy dissipation model based on magnetic induction communication for non-conventional media. I.N Patent, no. 201721016878.
Kisseleff, S., Gerstacker, W., Sun, Z., & Akyildiz, I. F. (2013). On the throughput of wireless underground sensor networks using magneto-inductive waveguides. In IEEE Global Communications Conference (pp. 322–328), Atlanta, GA, USA.
Kisseleff, S., Akyildiz, I. F., & Gerstacker, W. ( 2013). Interference polarization in magnetic induction based wireless underground sensor networks. In IEEE 24th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC Workshops (pp. 71–75), London, UK.
Ahmed, N., Zheng, Y. R., & Pommerenke, D. (2016). Multi-coil MI based MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks. In OCEANS MTS/IEEE (pp. 1–4), Monterey, CA, USA.
Sydoruk, O., Shamonina, E., & Solymar, L. (2007). Parametric amplification in coupled magnetoinductive waveguides. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 40, 68–79.
Syms, R. R. A., Solymar, L., & Young, I. R. (2008). Three-frequency parametric amplification in magneto-inductive ring resonators. Metamaterials, 2, 122–134.
Frankl, D. R. (1986). Electromagnetic theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Kisseleff, S., Akyildiz, I. F., & Gerstacker, W. H. (2014). Throughput of the magnetic induction based wireless underground sensor networks: Key optimization techniques. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 62, 4426–4439.
Acknowledgements
This work was carried out under the funded research project (ECR/2016/001351) granted by ECR-SERB, Government of India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kulkarni, A., Kumar, V., Yadav, S. et al. 3D Modelling of Superconductor Enabled Magnetic Induction Transmitter and Relay Coil for Non-conventional Media Communication. Wireless Pers Commun 111, 2577–2603 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-07004-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-07004-7