Abstract
The rapid growth of traffic demand and innovation of mobile networks have pushed the current communication infrastructure to provide a tight integration of different wireless technologies. On the one hand, all user connections are expected to be heterogeneous in future networks and thus an intelligent mobility management is essential to satisfy the requirements of lower latency, less power consumptions and last but not least possible uninterrupted ongoing session when a User Equipment (UE) moves across network boundaries. On the other hand, Device-to-Device (D2D) communication as a revolutionary technology to enhance network performance has shown a great potential in dominating future communication market. Consequently, in this paper, we investigate the mobility management problem for D2D communications in heterogeneous networks. We leverage on IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Service (MIS) and propose a new framework, so-called enhanced version of IEEE 802.21 MIS that supports D2D communication (E-MIS-D2D) to enhance D2D mobility experience over heterogeneous networks. The E-MIS-D2D is a network assisted and initiated architecture, in which a load-aware mode selection algorithm is also proposed for selecting the transmission mode between D2D and non-D2D modes. Through extensive simulations, we validate that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods in terms of packet loss ratio, average throughput, latency, bandwidth usage and load rate of eNB.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2017–2022, Cisco, San Jose, CA, USA (2019).
Shafi, M., Molisch, A. F., Smith, P. J., Haustein, T., Zhu, P., De Silva, P., Tufvesson, F., Benjebbour, A., & Wunder, G. (2017). 5G: A tutorial overview of standards, trials, challenges, deployment, and practice. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 35(6), 1201–1221
IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks--Part 21.1: Media Independent Services. IEEE Std 802.21.1-2017, pp. 1–211 (2017).
3GPP TR 36.814 V9.0.0, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Further advancements for E-UTRA physical layer aspects (2010).
3GPP RP-150441, Enhanced LTE Device to Device Proximity Services (2014).
Shaikh, F. S., & Wismüller, R. (2018). Routing in multi-hop cellular device-to-device (D2D) networks: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 20(4), 2622–2657
Waqas, M., Niu, Y., Li, Y., Ahmed, M., Jin, D., Chen, S., & Han, Z. (2020). A comprehensive survey on mobility-aware D2D communications: principles, practice and challenges. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 22(3), 1863–1886
Ansari, R. I., Chrysostomou, C., Hassan, S. A., Guizani, M., Mumtaz, S., Rodriguez, J., & Rodrigues, J. J. (2018). 5G D2D networks: Techniques, challenges, and future prospects. IEEE Systems Journal, 12(4), 3970–3984
Lim, J., & Hong, D. (2013). Mobility and handover management for heterogeneous networks in LTE-advanced. Wireless Personal Communications, 72(4), 2901–2912
Zhang, L., Bai, J., & Jiang, P. (2019). Research on Key Management Scheme of X2 Handover Protocol in LTE-R. In 2019 IEEE 5th International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC), Chengdu, China, pp. 1479–1483.
Hoseinitabatabei, S. A., Mohamed, A., Hassanpour, M., & Tafazolli, R. (2020). The power of mobility prediction in reducing idle-state signaling in cellular systems: A revisit to 4G mobility management. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 19(5), 3346–3360
Chang, W., & Kang, H. (2020). Cyclic block-spreading direct discovery for D2D networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 19(11), 7610–7620
Nawaz, S., & Hassan, S. A. (2020). Optimal beam separation in auxiliary beam pair-based initial access in mmWave D2D Networks. In: 2020 IEEE 91st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Spring), Antwerp, Belgium, pp. 1–5.
Gao, D., Li, Z., Liu, Y., & He, T. (2020). Neighbor discovery based on cross-technology communication for mobile applications. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 69(10), 11179–11191
HajiAkhondi-Meybodi, Z., Abouei, J., Jassemuddin, M., & Mohammadi, A. (2020). Mobility-aware femtocaching algorithm in D2D networks based on handover. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 69(9), 10188–10201
Li, F., Wang, X., Wang, Z., Cao, J., Liu, X., Bi, Y., Li, W., & Wang, Y. (2020). A local communication system over Wi-Fi direct: implementation and performance evaluation. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 7(6), 5140–5158
Xu, Y. H., Chow, C. O., Kok, G. X., & Tham, M. L. (2014). A load-aware scheme for providing heterogeneous multimedia broadcast/multicast service (Het-MBMS). Wireless Personal Communications, 77(3), 2391–2414
Chen, C., Sung, C., & Chen, H. (2019). Capacity maximization based on optimal mode selection in multi-mode and multi-pair D2D communications. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 68(7), 6524–6534
Hashim, M. F., & Razak, N. (2019). Ultra-Dense Networks: Integration with Device to Device (D2D) Communication. Wireless Personal Communications, 106, 911–925
Li, X., & Fang, Z. (2020). Relay selection based on price incentive for device-to-device relay cooperative communications. Wireless Personal Communications, 114, 467–482
Yang, H., Yang, X., Zhang, F., & Ye, Q. (2020). Robust plane clustering based on L1-norm minimization. IEEE Access, 8, 29489–29500
The network simulator –ns3. https://www.nsnam.org/.
IEEE 802.20 Working Group, Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA), ITU-T Recommendation Y.1541, Network Performance Objectives for IP-Based Services. http://www.ieee802.org/20/.
ITU-T Recommendation Y.1541, Network Performance Objective for IP-Based Services.
Acknowledgements
This project was supported by Introduction of high-level talents and overseas returnee’s scientific fund in Nanjing Forestry University (No. GXL015).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, YH., Liu, ML., Xie, JW. et al. Media Independent Mobility Management for D2D Communications over Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets). Wireless Pers Commun 120, 2693–2710 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08553-6
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08553-6