Skip to main content
Log in

Performance Analysis of Fiber Nonlinearity Based Optical 2R-regenerators

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Optical signal regenerators are required at regular intervals in a long-haul optical link to re-amplify, re-shape and in some cases re-time the signal that has been distorted by the impairments of the link. A major benefit of all-optical regenerators is that they do not require the optical signal to be converted into the electrical domain for performing the above-mentioned tasks. This study analyzes the performance of our previously proposed optical signal regenerator along with two other regenerators that are based upon cross-phase modulation (XPM) and four wave mixing (FWM), respectively. The aim of the study is to determine the most suitable regenerator for a specific optical link based on its characteristics. The characteristics of the regenerators that are analyzed in this study include capability to reject noise, extinction ratio, reduction in timing jitter, chirp induced over the regenerated signal and energy yield of the regenerator. The analysis shows that each of the three regenerators have different capabilities that make them suitable for different optical links.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of data and material

Not applicable

Code availability

Not applicable.

References

  1. Baveja, P. P., Maywar, D. N., & Agrawal, G. P. (2009). Optimization of all-optical 2r regenerators operating at 40 gb/s: Role of dispersion. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 27(17), 3831–3836.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bramerie, L., Le, Q. T., Gay, M., O’Hare, A., Lobo, S., Joindot, M., et al. (2012). All-optical 2r regeneration with a vertical microcavity-based saturable absorber. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 18(2), 870–883.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang, J., Ji, H., Hu, H., Mulvad, H. C. H., Galili, M., Palushani, E., et al. (2012). All-optical 2r regeneration of a 160-gbit/s rzook serial data signal using a fopa. In IEEE photonics conference, (pp. 108–109).

  4. Wang, Q., Huo, L., Chen, X., Lou, C. & Zou, B. (2014) 100-gb/s all-optical wavelength-preserved 2r regeneration using semiconductor optical amplifiers. In 2014 conference on lasers and electro-optics (CLEO) - Laser Science to Photonic Applications, (pp. 1–2).

  5. Yu, W., Wang, D., Lou, C., Huo, L., & Shen, X. (2015) All-optical 2r regeneration for nrz-ook signal using transient-cross phase modulation and cross gain compression in soas. In: 2015 14th international conference on optical communications and networks (ICOCN), (pp. 1–3).

  6. Mirza, J., Ghafoor, S., & Hussain, A. (2018). All-optical 2r-regeneration and continuous wave to pulsed signal wavelength conversion based on fiber nonlinearity. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 50(10), 366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Khan, M. U., Aljohani, A. J., Gulistan, A., & Ghafoor, S. (2021). All-optical multi-wavelength regenerator based on four-wave mixing. Optical Engineering, 60(3), 036102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Li, L., Patki, P. G., Kwon, Y. B., Stelmakh, V., Campbell, B. D., Annamalai, M., et al. (2017). All-optical regenerator of multi-channel signals. Nature Communications, 8(1), 884.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Li, L., Vasilyev, M., & Lakoba, T. (2015). Investigation of 3-channel all-optical regeneration in a group-delay-managed nonlinear medium. In 2015 conference on lasers and electro-optics (CLEO), (pp. 1–2). IEEE.

  10. Zhou, X.-Y., Wu, B.-J., Wen, F., Geng, Y., Zhang, J., & Qiu, K. (2015). Experimental demonstration of all optical eight-wavelength 2r regeneration of ook signals by using time-interleaving and bidirectional transmission. In Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, (pp. ASu2A–121). Optical Society of America

  11. Li, L., Kwon, Y. B., Campbell, B., Lakoba, T. I., & Vasilyev, M. (2016). 2r regeneration of 12 wdm channels with 100-ghz spacing in a group-delay-managed nonlinear medium. In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Optical Society of America, W4D-4.

  12. Wang, J., Ji, H., Hu, H., Yu, J., Mulvad, H. C. H., Galili, M., et al. (2014). 4 × 160-gbit/s multi-channel regeneration in a single fiber. Optics Express, 22(10), 11456–11464.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Guo, B., Wen, F., Wu, B., Sun, F., & Qiu, K. (2019). All-optical multilevel amplitude regeneration based on polarization-orthogonal continuous-wave-light-assisted nonlinear-optical loop mirror (pc-nolm) subsystem”. IEEE Access, 7, 149666–149671.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Chen, X., Huo, L., Jiang, X., & Lou, C. (2015). 100-gb/s 2r regeneration using cross gain compression in semiconductor optical amplifiers. Optics Express, 23(18), 23143–23154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kong, D., Jia, D., Feng, D., Ge, C., Wang, Z., Yang, T., & Xing, D. (2018). Study on all-optical 2r regeneration at 40 gbit/s based on spm. In Sixth International Conference on Optical and Photonic Engineering (icOPEN 2018), (vol. 10827, p. 108272G). International Society for Optics and Photonics.

  16. Simos, H., Bogris, A., & Syvridis, D. (2004). Investigation of a 2r all-optical regenerator based on four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 22(2), 595.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Ghafoor, S., & Petropoulos, P. (2010). Effect of dispersion slope of highly nonlinear fibre on the performance of self phase modulation based 2r-optical regenerator. In 2010 2nd International conference on computer technology and development, pp. 144–148.

  18. Huang, X., Xie, X., Song, J., Duan, T., Hu, H., Xu, X., et al. (2018). Performance comparison of all-optical amplify-and-forward relaying fso communication systems with ook and dpsk modulations. IEEE Photonics Journal, 10(4), 1–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Aljohani, A. J., Mirza, J., & Ghafoor, S. (2020). A novel regeneration technique for free space optical communication systems. IEEE Communications Letters, 25(1), 196–199.

  20. Finot, C., Fatome, J., Pitois, S., Millot, G., & Pincemin, E. (2011). Active mamyshev regenerator. Optical Review, 18(3), 257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Ghafoor, S., & Petropoulos, P. (2010). Effect of dispersion slope of highly nonlinear fibre on the performance of self phase modulation based 2r-optical regenerator. In 2010 2nd International Conference on Computer Technology and Development, Nov, pp. 144–148.

Download references

Funding

Not applicable

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jawad Mirza.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

The authors of this manuscript certify that they have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest in the materials discussed in this manuscript.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mirza, J., Ghafoor, S., Siddiqi, K. et al. Performance Analysis of Fiber Nonlinearity Based Optical 2R-regenerators. Wireless Pers Commun 121, 527–541 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08648-0

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08648-0

Keywords

Navigation