Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol Based on Adaptive Soft Thresholding for Wireless Sensor Networks

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, a low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH)-based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is presented. The proposed protocol is labeled (ASTEEN) referring to an adaptive soft-thresholding-based energy-efficient sensor network. Its objective is to allow less energy consumption for data transition that affects the lifetime of the network. So, the node lifetime increases, and also the network lifetime increases. In contrary to other fixed soft-thresholding-based protocols, the adaptive soft threshold dynamically gets lower as the significance of the value of the sensed physical parameter increases. This leads to less-frequent transmission of less-critical sensed values, and more frequent transmission of more critical sensed values. This paper examines the correlated and uncorrelated sensed data values with the proposed protocol, and the performance is compared with those of other protocols. The proposed protocol succeeds in the sensing of samples with high correlation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

The custom code is available.

References

  1. Javaid, N., Mohammad, S. N., Latif, K., Qasim, U., & Khan, M. A. (2013). HEER: Hybrid energy efficient reactive protocol for wireless sensor networks. In: 2013 Saudi international electronics communications and photonics conference (SIECPC).

  2. Kaur, E. S., & Gupta, E. R. (2015). Deploying an optimized LEACH-C protocol for wireless sensor network. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering (IJARCSSE), 5(7), 25–30.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Singh, S. P., & Sharma, S. C. (2015). A survey on cluster based routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. Procedia Computer Science, 45, 687–695.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Heinzelman, W., Chandrakasan, A., & Balakrishnan, H. (2000). Energy efficient communication protocol for wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii international conference on system science 2.

  5. Heinzelman, W., Chandrakasan, A., & Balakrishnan, H. (2002). An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 1(4), 660–670.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Arora, V., Sharma, V., & Sachdeva, M. (2016). A survey on LEACH and other’s routing protocols in wireless sensor network. Optik, 127(16), 6590–6600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Lindsey, S., & Raghavendra, C. (2002). PEGASIS: Power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems. In: IEEE aerospace conference proceedings Vol. 3 (pp. 1125–1130).

  8. Manjeshwar, A., & Agarwal, D. (2001). TEEN: A routing protocol for enhanced efficiency in wireless sensor networks. In: 15th International parallel and distributed processing symposium (IPDPS’01) 3.

  9. Tamanna, S. A. (2016) Analyze and implementation of TEEN protocol in wireless sensor network. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET), 5(3).

  10. Dehghania, S., Pourzaferani, M., & Barekatain, B. (2015). Comparison on energy-efficient cluster based routing algorithms in wireless sensor network. Procedia Computer Science, 72, 535–542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Manjeshwar, A., & Agarwal, D. (2002). APTEEN: A hybrid protocol for efficient routing and comprehensive information retrieval in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 16th international parallel and distributed processing symposium (pp. 195–202).

  12. Yi, D., & Yang, H. (2016). HEER: A delay-aware and energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Computer Networks, 104, 155–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Akkaria, W., Bouhdida, B., & Belghith, A. (2015). LEATCH: Low energy adaptive tier clustering hierarchy. Procedia Computer Science, 52, 365–372.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the support received from Taif University Researchers Supporting Project Number (TURSP-2020/147), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Climate Change Information Center, Renewable Energy and Export Systems, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt

    Rania A. Ahmed & Zeinab A. Ahmed

  2. Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed Abd-Elnaby

  3. Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952, Egypt

    El-Sayed M. El-Rabaie & Fathi E. Abd El-Samie

  4. Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia

    Fathi E. Abd El-Samie

Authors
  1. Rania A. Ahmed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zeinab A. Ahmed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohammed Abd-Elnaby
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. El-Sayed M. El-Rabaie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Fathi E. Abd El-Samie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rania A. Ahmed.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

All authors declared that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ahmed, R.A., Ahmed, Z.A., Abd-Elnaby, M. et al. Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol Based on Adaptive Soft Thresholding for Wireless Sensor Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 124, 2661–2676 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-09483-7

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-09483-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation