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Energy Efficient Cluster Based Routing Protocol for WSN Using Firefly Algorithm and Ant Colony Optimization

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Abstract

Maximizing network lifetime is the main goal of designing a wireless sensor network. Clustering and routing can effectively balance network energy consumption and prolong network lifetime. This paper presents a novel cluster-based routing protocol called EECRAIFA. In order to select the optimal cluster heads, Self-Organizing Map neural network is used to perform preliminary clustering on the network nodes, and then the relative reasonable level of the cluster, the cluster head energy, the average distance within the cluster and other factors are introduced into the firefly algorithm (FA) to optimize the network clustering. In addition, the concept of decision domain is introduced into the FA to further disperse cluster heads and form reasonable clusters. In the inter-cluster routing stage, the inter-cluster routing is established by an improved ant colony optimization (ACO). Considering factors such as the angle, distance and energy of the node, the heuristic function is improved to make the selection of the next hop more targeted. In addition, the coefficient of variation in statistics is introduced into the process of updating pheromones, and the path is optimized by combining energy and distance. In order to further improve the network throughput, a polling control mechanism based on busy/idle nodes is introduced during the intra-cluster communication phase. The simulation experiment results prove that under different application scenarios, EECRAIFA can effectively balance the network energy consumption, extend the network lifetime, and improve network throughput.

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Funding

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 61461053, 61461054 and 61072079, Yunnan University of the China Postgraduate Science Foundation under Grant 2020306, the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province under Grant 2010CD023.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China

    Zongshan Wang, Hongwei Ding, Bo Li, Liyong Bao & Zhijun Yang

  2. Yunnan Education Department, Kunming, 650500, China

    Zhijun Yang

  3. Yunnan Military Region, Kunming, 650500, China

    Qianlin Liu

Authors
  1. Zongshan Wang
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  2. Hongwei Ding
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  3. Bo Li
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  4. Liyong Bao
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  5. Zhijun Yang
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  6. Qianlin Liu
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Contributions

Conceptualization, ZW and HD, methodology, ZW and BL, software, ZW and LB, validation, HD, ZY and QL, formal analysis, HD and BL, investigation, ZW, QL and HD, resources, HD, data curation, HD and ZY, writing—original draft preparation, ZW, writing—review and editing, ZW, HD, BL and ZY.; visualization, HD and QL, supervision, HD, project administration, LB, funding acquisition, HD and LB. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zongshan Wang, Hongwei Ding or Bo Li.

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Wang, Z., Ding, H., Li, B. et al. Energy Efficient Cluster Based Routing Protocol for WSN Using Firefly Algorithm and Ant Colony Optimization. Wireless Pers Commun 125, 2167–2200 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-09651-9

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