Skip to main content
Log in

Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Improved Network Connectivity in Wireless Sensor Networks

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks occupy a prominent role in industrial as well as scientific applications. Lifetime enhancement and coverage are the major factors considered while designing the network. Various research models are evolved by considering the scheduling and routing process to solve the network lifetime issues. However, coverage and connectivity is another important factor that affects the lifetime of the remaining nodes. When a large number of sensors are deployed randomly, scheduling is preferred to enhance the network lifetime, but it leads to coverage issues. Other than scheduling, node damage, battery exhaustion, software and hardware failures might lead to coverage issues. Preserving the network connectivity while maximizing the network coverage is a crucial task in wireless sensor networks. To preserve the network connectivity and improve the wireless sensor networks coverage this research work presents a hybrid deep learning approach using a deep neural network and reinforcement learning algorithm. The Proposed model is experimentally verified and compared with conventional deep neural network and reinforcement learning algorithms to demonstrate the better balancing characteristics between network coverage and lifetime.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Data sharing not applicable—no new data generated.

References

  1. Han, G., Liu, L., Jiang, J., Shu, L., & Hancke, G. (2017). Analysis of energy-efficient connected target coverage algorithms for industrial wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 13(1), 135–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Boukerche, A., & Sun, P. (2018). Connectivity and coverage based protocols for wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 80, 54–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Farsi, M., Elhosseini, M. A., Badawy, M., Ali, H. A., & Eldin, H. Z. (2019). Deployment techniques in wireless sensor networks, coverage and connectivity: A survey. IEEE Access, 7, 28940–28954.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Tripathi, A., Gupta, H. P., Dutta, T., Mishra, R., Shukla, K. K., & Jit, S. (2018). Coverage and connectivity in WSNs: A survey, research issues and challenges. IEEE Access, 6, 26971–26992.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Elhabyan, R., Shi, W., & St-Hilaire, M. (2019). Coverage protocols for wireless sensor networks: Review and future directions. Journal of Communications and Networks, 21(1), 45–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Chakraborty, S., Goyal, N. K., & Soh, S. (2020). On area coverage reliability of mobile wireless sensor networks with multistate nodes. IEEE Sensors Journal, 20(9), 4992–5003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Suparna Chakraborty, N. K., & Goyal, S. S. (2019). A Monte-Carlo Markov chain approach for coverage-area reliability of mobile wireless sensor networks with multistate nodes. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 193, 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Qin, D., Ma, J., Zhang, Y., Feng, P., Ji, P., & Berhane, T. M. (2018). Study on connected target coverage algorithm for wireless sensor network. IEEE Access, 6, 69415–69425.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Yang, C., & Chin, K.-W. (2017). On nodes placement in energy harvesting wireless sensor networks for coverage and connectivity. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 13(1), 27–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Le Nguyen, P., Hanh, N. T., & Ji, Y. (2019). Node placement for connected target coverage in wireless sensor networks with dynamic sinks. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 59, 1–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Zishan, A. A., Karim, I., & Rahman, A. (2018). Maximizing heterogeneous coverage in over and under provisioned visual sensor networks. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 124, 44–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kibria, M. G., Nguyen, K., Villardi, G. P., Liao, W.-S., Ishizu, K., & Kojima, F. (2018). A stochastic geometry analysis of multiconnectivity in heterogeneous wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 67(10), 9734–9746.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Olasupo, T. O., & Otero, C. E. (2018). A framework for optimizing the deployment of wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 15(3), 1105–1118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Oroza, C. A., Zhang, Z., Watteyne, T., & Glaser, S. D. (2017). A machine-learning-based connectivity model for complex terrain large-scale low-power wireless deployments. IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking, 3(4), 576–584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Khalifa, B., Al Aghbari, Z., Khedr, A. M., & Abawajy, J. H. (2017). Coverage hole repair in WSNs using cascaded neighbor intervention. IEEE Sensors Journal, 17(21), 7209–7216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Sun, G., Liu, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2017). A novel connectivity and coverage algorithm based on shortest path for wireless sensor networks. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 71, 1025–1039.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Gupta, H. P., Rao, S. V., & Venkatesh, T. (2016). Analysis of stochastic coverage and connectivity in three-dimensional heterogeneous directional wireless sensor networks. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 29, 38–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Senouci, M. R., & Mellouk, A. (2019). A robust uncertainty-aware cluster-based deployment approach for WSNs: Coverage, connectivity, and lifespan. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 146, 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Keshmiri, H., & Bakhshi, H. (2020). A new 2-phase optimization-based guaranteed connected target coverage for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 20(13), 7472–7486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Charr, J.-C., Deschinkel, K., & Hakem, M. (2020). Lifetime optimization for partial coverage in heterogeneous sensor networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 107, 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kabakulak, B. (2018). Sensor and sink placement, scheduling and routing algorithms for connected coverage of wireless sensor networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 86, 83–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Chakravarthi, S. S., & Kumar, G. H. (2020). Optimization of network coverage and lifetime of the wireless sensor network based on pareto optimization using non-dominated sorting genetic approach. Procedia Computer Science, 172, 225–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Hanh, N. T., Binh, H. T. T., & Palaniswami, M. S. (2019). An efficient genetic algorithm for maximizing area coverage in wireless sensor networks. Information Sciences, 488, 58–75.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Movassagh, M., & Aghdasi, H. S. (2017). Game theory based node scheduling as a distributed solution for coverage control in wireless sensor networks. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 65, 137–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. Chandrasekar.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chandrasekar, V., Bashar, A., Kumar, T.S. et al. Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Improved Network Connectivity in Wireless Sensor Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 128, 2473–2488 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-10052-1

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-10052-1

Keywords