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The Effect of Miniaturized Circular Antennas on the SAR Reduction for Wireless Applications

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Abstract

This work, presents the design and realization of two new miniaturized circular antennas as well as their effects on the human body. The first step consists in simulation each bi-band antenna at 2.5 GHz and at 5.2 GHz for wireless applications using the simulators HFSS and CST Microwave studio. The second step is manifested by the type of permeability substrates, the modifications of the radiating element and the ground plane as well as the modification of the feeding technique. All these miniaturization methods were used to limit the peak of specific absorption rate (SAR) in the human body. The SAR is calculated on a 1 and 10 g tissue mass respectively. The performed tests show that the SAR rate, which affects the human body tissues and obtained by the antenna with a full ground plane, is lower than that provided by the antenna with a truncated ground plane. Furthermore, the SAR rate observed in the different frequency bands for the antenna 2 complies with the standards proposed by the international commission on non-ionizing radiation protection.

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Funding

The research was not funded or supported by any party.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Electronics and Microwave, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia

    Hamza Ben Hamadi, Said Ghnimi, Lassaad Latrach & Ali Gharsallah

  2. Laboratory of Electrical Engineering, Grenoble INP, CNRS, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France

    Philippe Benech

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  1. Hamza Ben Hamadi
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  2. Said Ghnimi
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  3. Lassaad Latrach
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  4. Philippe Benech
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  5. Ali Gharsallah
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Correspondence to Said Ghnimi.

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Hamadi, H.B., Ghnimi, S., Latrach, L. et al. The Effect of Miniaturized Circular Antennas on the SAR Reduction for Wireless Applications. Wireless Pers Commun 130, 165–189 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10280-z

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