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Exploring a Mesh-Hub-Based Wireless Sensor Network for Smart Home Electrical Monitoring

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Abstract

The method of indeterminate monitoring of household appliances involves analyzing voltage and current signals detected at the power supply. Each electrical appliance exhibits a distinct consumption pattern (e.g., vacuum cleaners, ovens, etc.), including their switch-on and switch-off timings. The monitoring system determines these consumption patterns of electric appliances. This study introduces a wireless sensor network designed for subtle monitoring of household appliance consumption. This study addresses the challenges and issues concerning wireless sensor networks, alongside the notable advantages and capabilities in the areas mentioned above, such as network structure, performance methods, monitoring types, and energy consumption factor analysis. Through empirical investigation and scientific discourse, the study's findings indicate that a higher number of nodes and windows in a building correlates with a reduced rate of energy transfer. Conversely, employing fewer nodes and windows increases the speed at which energy is transferred.

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Acknowledgements

Special thanks to Islamic Azad University, Iran for its support.

Funding

Not available.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Mehdi Gheisari

    Present address: Department of Cognitive Computing, Institute of Computer Science and Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Shaoxing University, 312000, Shaoxing, 508 West Huancheng Road, Yuecheng District, Zhejiang Province, China

    Payam Porkar Rezaeiye & Mehdi Gheisari

  2. Department of Computer Science, Islamic Azad University, Damavand branch, Damavand, Iran

    Payam Porkar Rezaeiye, Kazem Razeghinia & Mehdi Gheisari

  3. Faculty of Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, 19117, Salt, Jordan

    Jafar A. Alzubi

  4. ADiT-Lab, Electrotechnics and Telecommunications Department, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Porto, 4900-347, Portugal

    Amir Javadpour

  5. Department of Management and Data Science, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran

    Seyed Mojtaba Hosseini Bamakan

  6. Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile

    Christian Fernández-Campusano

  7. Department of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China

    Amir Javadpour & Yang Liu

Authors
  1. Payam Porkar Rezaeiye
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Contributions

PP: supervision, KR: writing draft, JAA: Revision, MG: Project manager, AJ: revision, SMHB: conceptualization, CFC: software, YL: supervision.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Mehdi Gheisari or Amir Javadpour.

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Appendix:

Appendix:

We can provide a simplified algorithmic outline for the process of wireless power monitoring and data transmission to household appliances.

1. Initialize Wireless Power Monitoring System:

  • Configure batteries, ground connections, and motion sensors.

  • Set up sensor nodes and establish communication protocols.

2. Design Building Mesh:

  • Determine optimal placements for wireless sensor nodes throughout the building.

  • Distribute nodes near windows and critical energy consumption points.

3. Energy Transfer Assessment:

  • Collect data from wireless sensor nodes on energy transfer rates.

  • Measure energy transfer success based on the number of windows.

  • Analyze collected data to establish a correlation between windows and efficiency.

4. Simulate Appliance Data Transmission:

  • Create a simulated environment for data transmission to household appliances.

  • Define command sets for different appliances and their optimal energy consumption.

  • Establish a Bluetooth communication channel between devices.

5. Send Commands to Appliances:

  • Transmit predefined commands via Bluetooth to designated appliances.

  • Monitor appliances' response times and behaviors.

  • Record data on command-response interactions.

6. Analyze Command-Response Proportionality:

  • Process collected data to determine the proportionality between issued commands and appliance responses.

  • Calculate response time, energy consumption changes, and compliance with predefined behaviors.

7. Address Challenges and Propose Future Directions:

  • Identify challenges related to network interruption and unauthorized node access.

  • Recommend future research directions, such as exploring alternative window options, email-based command transmission, and hybrid WiFi-Bluetooth approaches.

8. Conclude and Discuss Implications:

  • Summarize research findings related to wireless power monitoring and appliance data transmission.

  • Discuss implications for energy efficiency, smart appliance control, and potential applications.

Please note that this outline provides a general flow of the research process, implementing the actual algorithms for data transmission, command processing, and energy monitoring will require programming languages and platforms suitable for your research context.

Here's a pseudo code representation of the research process for wireless power monitoring and data transmission to household appliances.

FUNCTION initializeWirelessPowerMonitoringSystem():

 ConfigureBatteries().

 SetupGroundConnections().

 InitializeMotionSensors().

 InitializeSensorNodes().

 EstablishCommunicationProtocols().

FUNCTION designBuildingMesh():

 DetermineOptimalNodePlacements().

 DistributeNodesNearWindows().

 CreateBuildingMeshLayout().

FUNCTION assessEnergyTransfer():

 FOR each wireless sensor node in building:

 MeasureEnergyTransferRate(node).

 AnalyzeEnergyTransferData().

FUNCTION simulateApplianceDataTransmission():

 FOR each appliance in simulated environment:

 DefineCommandSets(appliance).

 EstablishBluetoothConnection(appliance).

FUNCTION sendCommandsToAppliances():

 FOR each appliance in simulated environment:

 TransmitCommandsViaBluetooth(appliance).

 MonitorApplianceResponses(appliance).

 RecordCommandResponseData(appliance).

FUNCTION analyzeCommandResponseProportionality():

 FOR each recorded data point:

 CalculateResponseTime(dataPoint).

 AnalyzeEnergyConsumptionChanges(dataPoint).

 DetermineComplianceWithBehaviors(dataPoint).

FUNCTION addressChallengesAndRecommendations():

 IdentifyNetworkInterruptionChallenges().

 SuggestSolutionsForUnauthorizedNodeAccess().

 ProposeFutureResearchDirections().

FUNCTION main():

 initializeWirelessPowerMonitoringSystem().

 designBuildingMesh().

 assessEnergyTransfer().

 simulateApplianceDataTransmission().

 sendCommandsToAppliances().

 analyzeCommandResponseProportionality().

 addressChallengesAndRecommendations().

 ConcludeResearch().

 main().

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Porkar Rezaeiye, P., Razeghinia, K., Alzubi, J.A. et al. Exploring a Mesh-Hub-Based Wireless Sensor Network for Smart Home Electrical Monitoring. Wireless Pers Commun 133, 2067–2086 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10786-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10786-6

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