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Enhancing Network Efficiency and Extending Lifetime Through Delay Optimization and Energy Balancing Techniques

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Abstract

Contrary to homogeneous WSNs, heterogeneous WSN protocols make use of sensor fork with a variety of capabilities to extend the network's life, improve cluster stability, and assure accurate information transfer. Even though numerous authors have put forth various protocols, none of them have been able to successfully balance power consumption among basic fork, advanced fork, and cluster heads according to application needs and localization. Improving system longevity and performance requires reducing power consumption by sensor fork. While the location of the base station is known, each protocol arranges the sensor fork at random. Cluster head selection, set-up, and steady state phases are the standard three processes in the protocols. Depending on the network design, each protocol's decision-making process considers the node's remaining power as well as the system's total power. This study examines partitioning or cluster strategies based on power remaining and contrasts them in terms of a numerals of facets, including power effectiveness and stability duration.

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Data Availability

I confirm that no data set was used in this study, and therefore, no data availability statement is included in the main manuscript file.

Abbreviations

Eelec:

Power for transmitting 1 bit

Efs:

Free space power

Eamp:

Amplification power

EDA:

Power for data aggregation

D0:

Threshold interval

E0:

Original power of the normal fork

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge that each author has made significant contributions to the research paper. Dr. Amrita Jyoti and Dr. Rashmi Sharma conducted the analysis and data interpretation, Pooja Malik and Dr. Harsh Khatter performed the literature survey and review, and Rashmi Mishra contributed to the results analysis and discussion.

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The authors have not disclosed any funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad, UP, India

    Amrita Jyoti

  2. Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College, Ghaziabad, UP, India

    Rashmi Sharma

  3. Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, UP, 201314, India

    Pooja Singh

  4. KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, UP, 201206, India

    Harsh Khatter

  5. Delhi Technology University, Rohini, New Delhi, Delhi, 110042, India

    Rashmi Mishra

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Contributions

We acknowledge that each author has made significant contributions to the research paper. Dr. Amrita Jyoti and Dr. Rashmi Sharma conducted the analysis and data interpretation, Pooja Malik and Dr. Harsh Khatter performed the literature survey and review, and Rashmi Mishra contributed to the results analysis and discussion.

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Correspondence to Rashmi Mishra.

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Jyoti, A., Sharma, R., Singh, P. et al. Enhancing Network Efficiency and Extending Lifetime Through Delay Optimization and Energy Balancing Techniques. Wireless Pers Commun 133, 1199–1241 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10812-7

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