Abstract
Recent researches on improving the efficiency and user experience of Web browsing on handhelds are seeking to solve the problem by re-authoring Web pages or making adaptations and recommendations according to user preference. Their basis is a good understanding of the relationship between user behaviors and user preference. We propose a practical method to find user’s interest blocks by machine learning using the combination of significant implicit evidences, which is extracted from four aspects of user behaviors: display time, viewing information items, scrolling and link selection. We also develop a customized Web browser for small screen devices to collect user behaviors accurately. For evaluation, we conduct an on-line user study and make statistical analysis based on the dataset, which shows that most types of the suggested implicit evidences are significant, and viewing information items is the least indicative aspect of user behaviors. The dataset is then processed off-line to find user’s interest blocks using the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of finding user’s interest blocks by machine learning using the combination of significant implicit evidences. Further analysis reveals the great effect of users and moderate effect of Websites on the usefulness of significant implicit evidences.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agichtein, E., Brill, E., Dumais, S., Ragno, R.: Learning user interaction models for predicting web search result preferences. In: Proc. International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development on Information Retrieval, pp. 3–10, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2006
Cai, D., Yu, S., Wen, J.R., Ma, W.Y.: VIPS: a vision based page segmentation algorithm. Microsoft Technical Report, MSR-TR-2003-79, 2003
Claypool, M., Le, P., Waseda, M., Brown, D.: Implicit interest indicators. In: Proc. International Conference on Intelligent User interfaces, pp. 33–40, Santa Fe, USA, 2001
Hijikata, Y.: Implicit user profiling for on demand relevance feedback. In: Proc. International Conference on Intelligent User interfaces, pp. 198–205, Island of Madeira, Portugal, 2004
Joachims, T.: Optimizing search engines using clickthrough data. In: Proc. ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 133–142, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 2002
Joachims, T., Granka, L., Pan, B., Hembrooke, H., Gay, G.: Accurately interpreting clickthrough data as implicit feedback. In: Proc. International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 154–161, Salvador, Brazil, 2005
Kellar, M., Watters, C.: Using web browser interactions to predict task. In Proc. International World Wide Web Conference, pp. 843–844, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2006
Kellar, M., Watters, C., Duffy, J., Shepherd, M.: Effect of task on time spent reading as an implicit measure of interest. In: Proc. ASIS&T Annual Meeting, pp. 168–175. Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, 2005
Kellar, M., Watters, C., Shepherd, M.: The impact of task on the usage of web browser navigation mechanisms. In: Proc. Graphics Interface Conference, pp. 235–242. Quebec City, Canada (2006)
Kelly, D., Teevan, J.: Implicit feedback for inferring user preference: a bibliography. In: ACM SIGIR Forum, pp. 18–28, 2003
Kelly, D., Belkin, J.N.: Display time as implicit feedback: understanding task effects. In: Proc. International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development on Information Retrieval, pp. 377–384, University of Sheffield, UK, 2004
Kelly, D., Belkin, J.N.: Reading time, scrolling and interaction: exploring implicit sources of user preferences for relevance feedback during interactive information retrieval. In: Proc. International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development on Information Retrieval, pp. 408–409, New Orleans, LA, USA, 2001
Melucci, M., White, C.R.: Discovering hidden contextual factors for implicit feedback. In: International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context Workshop on Content-Based Information Retrieval, Roskilde University, Denmark, 2007
Melucci, M., White, C.R.: Utilizing a geometry of context for enhanced implicit feedback. In: Proc. ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Lisboa, Portugal, 2007
Oard, W.D., Kim, J.: Modeling information content using observable behavior. In: Proc. ASIS&T Annual Meeting, pp. 38–45, Washington, DC, USA, 2001
Oliver, N., Smith, G., Thakkar, C., Surendran, C.A.: SWISH: semantic analysis of window titles and switching history. In Proc. International Conference on Intelligent User interfaces, pp. 194–201, Sydney, Australia, 2006
Radlinski, F., Joachims, T.: Evaluating the robustness of learning from implicit feedback. In International Conference on Machine Learning Workshop on Learning in Web Search, Bonn, Germany, 2005
Shapira, B., Taieb-Maimon, M., Moskowitz, A.: Study of the usefulness of known and new implicit indicators and their optimal combination for accurate inference of users interests. In: Proc. Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, pp. 1118–1119, Dijon, Framce, 2006
Shen, X.H., Tan, B., Zhai, C.X.: Context-sensitive information retrieval using implicit feedback. In: Proc. International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development on Information Retrieval, pp. 43–50, Salvador, Brazil, 2005
Vogt, C.C.: Passive feedback collection—an attempt to debunk the myth of clickthroughs. In: Proc. Text Retrieval Conference, pp. 141–149, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, 2000
White, W.R., Jose, M.J., van Rijsbergen, C.J., Ruthven, I.: A simulated study of implicit feedback models. In Proc. European Conference on IR Research, pp. 311–326, Sunderland, UK, 2004
White, W.R., Kelly, D.: A study on the effects of personalization and task information on implicit feedback performance. In: Proc. ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, pp. 297–306, Arlington, USA, 2006
White, W.R., Ruthven, I., Jose, M.J.: The use of implicit evidence for relevance feedback in web retrieval. In: Proc. BCS-IRSG European Colloquium on IR Research Glasgow, pp. 449–479, Scotland, UK, 2002
Xiang, P.F., Yang, X., Shi, Y.C.: Effective page segmentation combining pattern analysis and visual separators for browsing on small screens. In: Proc. IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, pp. 831–840, Hong Kong, 2006
Xiang, P.F., Yang, X., Shi, Y.C.: Web page segmentation based on gestalt theory. In: Proc. International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, pp. 2253–2256, Beijing, China, 2007
Zhang, Y., Callan, J.: Combining multiple forms of evidence while filtering. In: Proc. Conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 587–595, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2005
Zigoris, P., Zhang, Y.: Bayesian adaptive user profiling with explicit & implicit feedback. In: Proc. ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, pp. 397–404, Arlington, USA, 2006
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, X., Xiang, P. & Shi, Y. Finding User’s Interest Blocks using Significant Implicit Evidence for Web Browsing on Small Screen Devices. World Wide Web 12, 213–234 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-009-0061-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-009-0061-9