Abstract
Wisdom Web of Things (W2T) is the next generation of networks, which provides ubiquitous wisdom services in a ubiquitous network in the hyper world. Adaptiveness is the key issue of realizing the harmonious unity of human-information-thing. This paper proposes a self-adaptive support framework for W2T, which has three important components: (i) An adaptive requirement description language, which is to describe the wisdom service models and self-adaptive wisdom service strategies. (ii) Forward reasoning and backward planning ability. We propose that forward reasoning can be implemented based on the Rete algorithm and backward planning can be implemented based on a Hierarchical Task Network (HTN), which enable W2T to achieve complex, rapid, and efficient reasoning and planning to provide active, transparent, safe, and reliable services. (iii) A knowledge base evolution mechanism based on a learning classifier system, which is to realize the evolution of the knowledge base, and to satisfy the dynamic requirements of wisdom services. We take a wisdom traffic system as an example to demonstrate the data conversion mechanism and the functions of the proposed self-adaptive support framework.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bertino, E., Ferrari, E., Perego, A.: A general framework for web content filtering. World Wide Web 13(3), 215–249. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Bruno, E., Faessel, N., Glotin, H., Le Maitre, J., Scholl, M.: Indexing and querying segmented web pages: the BlockWeb Model. World Wide Web 14(5–6), 623–649. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Bull, L., Studley, M., Bagnall, A., Whittley: Learning classifier system ensembles with rule-sharing. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 11(4), 496–502 (2007)
Cheng, S.-W.: Rainbow: Cost-effective software architecture-based self-adaptation. PhD thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, May 2008. Technical Report CMU-ISR-08-113
Erol, K.: Hierarchical Task Network Planning: Formalization, Analysis, and Implementation. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Maryland, College Park (1995)
Forgy, C.: Rete: a fast algorithm for the many pattern/many object pattern match problem. Artif Intell. 19:17–37 (1982)
Holland, J.H.: Studying complex adaptive systems. J. Syst. Sci. Complex. 19, 1–8 (2006)
Huang, H., Liu, C., Zhou, X.: Approximating query answering on RDF databases. World Wide Web 15(1), 89–114. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Lekavý, M., Návrat, P.: Expressivity of STRIPS-Like and HTN-Like Planning. In Agent and Multi-Agent Systems: technologies and applications, Proc. of 1st KES Int. Symp. KES-AMSTA 2007, pp. 121–130 (2007)
Li, J.-Q., Zhao, Y., Garcia-Molina, H.: A path-based approach for web page retrieval. World Wide Web 15(3), 257–283. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Liu, J.: Web Intelligence (WI): What makes wisdom web?. In Proceedings of the 18th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (Aca-pulco, Mexico, Aug. 9–15). Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 1596–1601 (2003)
Ma, J.: Smart u-things-challenging real world complexity. IPSJ Symp. Series 2005(19), 146–150 (2005)
Ma, J.: Active smart u-things and cyber individuals. active media technology. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 6335, 5 (2005)
Ma, J.: Smart u-things and ubiquitous intelligence. In: Proc the 2nd international conference on embedded software and systems (ICESS 2005), p. 776
Salehie, M., Tahvildari, L.: Self-adaptive software: landscape and research challenges. ACM Trans. Autonom. Adapt. Syst. 4(2), 1–42 (2009)
Sensoy, M., Yolum, P.: Automating user reviews using ontologies: an agent-based approach. World Wide Web 15(3), 285–323. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Sottara, D., Mello, P., Proctor, M.: A configurable Rete-OO engine for reasoning with different types of imperfect information. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 22(11), 1535–1548 (2010)
Squicciarini, A.C., Sundareswaran, S.: Web-Traveler policies for images on social networks. World Wide Web 12(4), 461–484. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Tao, X., Li, Y., Zhong, N.: A personalized ontology model for web information gathering. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 23(4), 496–511 (2011)
WI-IAT 2011 Panel on Wisdom Web of Things (W2T): Fundamental issues, challenges and potential applications. Available at: http://wi-iat-2011.org/
Wu, X., Ngo, C.-W., Zhu, Y.-M., Peng, Q.: Boosting web video categorization with contextual information from social web. World Wide Web 15(2), 197–212. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Yang, Y., Huang, Z., Shen, H.T., Zhou, X.: Mining multi-tag association for image tagging. World Wide Web 14(2), 133–156. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Yang, J., Pui, G., Fung, C., Lu, W., Zhou, X., Chen, H., Du, X.: Finding superior skyline points for multidimensional recommendation applications. World Wide Web 15(1), 33–60. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)
Yao, Y.Y., Zhong, N., Liu, J., Ohsuga, S.: Web Intelligence (WI) research challenges and trends in the new information age. In: Zhong, N., Yao, Y.Y., Liu, J., Ohsuga, S. (eds.) Web intelligence: research and development. LNAI, 2198, pp. 1–17 Springer, Berlin (2001)
Zhong, N.: Impending Brain Informatics research from Web intelligence perspective. Int. J. Inf. Technol. Decis. Mak. 5(4), 713–727 (2006)
Zhong, N.: Ways to develop human-level web intelligence: a brain informatics perspective. In: Franconi, E., Kifer, M., May, W. (eds.) The Semantic Web: Research and Applications. LNCS, 4519, pp. 27–36. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Zhong, N., Liu, J., Yao, Y., Wu, J., Lu, S., Qin, Y., Li, K. and Wah, B.: Web intelligence meets brain informatics. State-of-the-art-survey, LNCS 4845, pp. 223–243. Springer, Berlin (2007)
Zhong, N., Liu, J., Yao, Y.: In search of the wisdom web. IEEE Comput. 35(11), 27–31 (2002)
Zhong, N., Liu, J., Yao, Y.Y.: Envisioning intelligent information technologies through the prism of web intelligence. Commun. ACM 50(3), 89–94 (2007)
Zhong, N., Liu, J., Yao, Y.Y., Ohsuga, S.: Web Intelligence (WI). In: Proc the 24th IEEE computer society international computer software and applications conference (COMPSAC 2000), pp 469–470
Zhong, N., Ma, J.H., Huang, R.H., Liu, J.M., Yao, Y.Y., Zhang, Y.X. and Chen, J.H.: Research challenges and perspectives on Wisdom Web of Things (W2T). J. Supercomput., 1–21 (2010)
Zhong, N.: Building a Brain-informatics portal on the Wisdom Web with a multi-layer grid: a new challenge for web intelligence research. In: Torra, V. et al. (eds.) Modeling decisions for artificial intelligence. LNAI 3558, pp. 24–35. Springer, Berlin (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gao, Y., Lin, M. & Wang, R. Adaptive support framework for wisdom web of things. World Wide Web 16, 379–398 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-012-0183-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11280-012-0183-3