Abstract
The exponential growth of user traffic has been driving routers to run at higher capacity. In a traditional router, the centralized switching fabric is becoming the bottleneck for its limited number of ports and complicated scheduling algorithms. Direct networks, such as 3-D Torus topology, have been successfully applied to the design of scalable routers. They show good scalability and fault tolerance. Unfortunately, its scalability is limited in practice. In this paper, we introduce another type of direct network, called H-Torus. This network shows excellent topological properties. On its basis, the designs of line card and routing algorithms are introduced. Extensive simulations show that the routing algorithm is very important in such a system and results in low latency with high throughput.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Chiussi F M, Francini A. Scalable electronic packet switches. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2003, 21(4): 486–500.
Marcus M J. The theory of connecting networks and their complexity: A review. IEEE Proceedings, 1977, 65(9): 1263–1271.
Narasimha M J. The Batcher-Banyan self-routing network: Universality and simplification. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1988, 36(10): 1175–1178.
Benes V. Optimal rearrangeable multistage connecting networks. Bell Systems Technical Journal, 1964, 43(7): 1641–1656.
Charles Clos. A study of non-blocking switching networks. Bell System Technical Journal, 1953, 32(2): 406–424.
Chang C S, Lee D S, Jou Y S. Load balanced Birkhoff-Von Neumann switches, part I: One-stage buffering. Computer Communications, 2002, 25(6): 611–622.
Isaac Keslassy, Shang-Tse Chuang, Kyoungsik Yu, David Miller, Mark Horowitz, Olav Solgaard, Nick McKeown. Scaling Internet routers using optics. In Proc. the Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM), ACM Press, 2003, pp.189–200.
McKeown N, Mekkittikul A, Anantharam V, Walrand J. Achieving 100% throughput in an input-queued switch. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1999, 47(8): 1260–1267.
Dally W J. Performance analysis of k-ary n-cube interconnection networks. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 1990, 39(6): 775–785.
Dally W J. Scalable Switching Fabrics for Internet Routers. http://www.avici.com/technology/whitepapers/TSRfabric-WhitePaper.pdf.
M M Hafizur Rahman, Yasushi Inoguchi, Susumu Horiguchi. Modified hierarchical 3D-torus network. IEICE Transactions, 2005, 88-D(2): 177–186.
Horiguchi S, Ooki T. Hierarchical 3D-torus interconnection network. In Proc. ISPAN’2000, Richardson, TX, USA, IEEE CS Press, Dec. 2000, pp.50–56.
Zuhui Yue, Youjian Zhao, Jianping Wu, Xiaoping Zhang. LBSR: A load-balanced semiminimal routing algorithm in cellular routers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006, pp.419–428.
Zuhui Yue, Youjian Zhao, Jianping Wu. CR: Scalable routers based on a new architecture. Journal of Software, October 2007, 18(10): 2624–2634.
Chen M S, Shin K G, Kandlur D D. Addressing, routing, and broadcasting in hexagonal mesh multiprocessors. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 1990, 39(1): 10–18.
Youjian Zhao, Zuhui Yue, Jianping Wu, Xiaoping Zhang. Topological properties and routing algorithms in cellular router. In Proc. International Conference on Networking and Services, Silicon Valley, CA, USA, 2006, p.101.
Garey M R, Johnson D S. Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. San Francisco: Freeman, 1979.
Sullivan H, Bashkow T R. A large scale, homogeneous, fully distributed parallel machine, I. In Proc. the 4th Annual Symposium on Computer Architecture, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 1977, pp.105–117.
Valiant L G, Brebner G J. Universal schemes for parallel communication. In Proc. the ACM Symposium on the Theory of Computing, Milwaukee, MN, 1981, pp.263–277.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 90604029 and 60773150, and the National Grand Fundamental Research 973 Program of China under Grant No.2003CB314801.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhao, YJ., Yue, ZH. & Wu, JP. Research on Next-Generation Scalable Routers Implemented with H-Torus Topology. J. Comput. Sci. Technol. 23, 684–693 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11390-008-9164-5
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11390-008-9164-5