Abstract
The paper studies the effects of changing margin levels on the price of futures options and how to organize a market maker’s position. Black model (1976) becomes a special case of this paper. The paper prices futures options by duplicating them and adopting the theory of Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (BSDEs for short). Furthermore, the price of a futures option is the unique solution to a nonlinear BSDE.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Peter G. Zhang, Exotic Options: A Guide to Second Generation Options, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pre. Ltd. 1998.
F. Black, The pricing of commodity contracts, Journal of Financial Economics, 1976, 3: 167–179.
R. Anderson, Comments on “Margins and Futures Contracts”, Journal of Future Markets, 1981, 1(2): 259–264.
L. G. Telser, Margins and futures contracts, Journal of Futures Markets, 1981, 1(2): 225–253.
M. L. Hartzmark, The effects of changing margin levels on futures market activity, the composition of traders in the market, and price performance, Journal of Business, 1986, 59(2): S147–S180.
P. H. Raymond Fisheh, L. C. Goldberg, T. F. Gosnell, and Sujata Sinha, Margins requirements in futures markets: Their relationship to price volatility, Journal of Futures Markets, 1990, 10(5): 541–554.
E. Pardoux and S. Peng, Adapted solution of a backward stochastic differential equation, Systems and Control Letters, 1990, 14: 55–61.
F. Black and M. Scholes, The pricing of options and corporate liabilities, The Journal of Political Economy, 1973, 81(3): 637–654.
S. Peng and F. Yang, Duplicating and pricing contingent claims in incomplete markets, Pacific Economic Review, 1999, 4(3): 237–260.
J. Hull, Options, Futures, and Other Derivarive Securities, Prentice-Hall, 2000.
Z. Chen, T. Chen, and M. Davison, Choquet expectation and Peng’s g-expectation, Annals of Probability, 2005, 33(3): 1179–1199.
S. Peng, Probabilistic interpretation for systems of quasilinear parabolic partial differential equations, Stochastics and Stochastics Reports, 1991, 1(37): 61–74.
P. Briand, B. Delyon, and J. Mémin, On the Robustness of backward stochastic differential equations, Stochastic Process and Their Applications, 2002, 97(2): 229–253.
J. Cox, S. Ross, and M. Rubinstein, Option pricing, a simplified approach, J. Financial Economics, 1979, 7: 229–263.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This research is supported by Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Shanghai under Grant No. 04R214206 and Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10426022.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gu, Y., Li, J. The Effects of Changing Margin Levels on Futures Options Price. Jrl Syst Sci & Complex 19, 461–469 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11424-006-0461-1
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11424-006-0461-1