Abstract
Although different kinds of probabilistic π-calculus have been introduced and found their place in quantitative verification and evaluation, their behavioural equivalences still lack a deep investigation. We propose a simple probabilistic extension of the π-calculus, π p , which is inspired by Herescu and Palamidessi’s probabilistic asynchronous π-calculus. An early semantics of our π p is presented. We generalise several classic behavioural equivalences to probabilistic versions, obtaining the probabilistic (strong) barbed equivalence and probabilistic bisimulation for π p . Then we prove that the coincidence between the barbed equivalence and bisimilarity in the π-calculus is preserved in the probabilistic setting.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bergstra J A, Ponse A, Smolka S A, et al. Handbook of Process Algebra. Amsterdam-Lausanne-New York-Oxford-Shannon-Tokyo: Elsevier Science, 2001
Milner R. A Calculus of Communicating Systems. Lect Notes Comput Sci, Vol 92. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1980
Milner R. Communication and Concurrency. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1989
Bergstra J A, Klop J W. Algebra of communicating processes with abstraction. Theor Comput Sci, 1985, 37: 77–121
Hoare C A R. Communicating sequential processes. Commun ACM, 1978, 21: 666–677
Hoare C A R. Communicating Sequential Processes. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1985
Milner R, Parrow J, Walker D. A calculus of mobile processes, parts I and II. Inf Comput, 1992, 100: 1–77
Milner R. Communicating and Mobile Systems: the π-Calculus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999
De Nicola R, Hennessy M C B. Testing equivalences for processes. Theor Comput Sci, 1984, 34: 83–133
Padget J, Bradford R. A π-calculus model of a spanish fish market: preliminary report. In: Noriega P, Sierra C, eds. Agent Mediated Electronic Commerce. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, 1999. 166–188
Boudol G. Asynchrony and the π-calculus (note). Rapport de Recherche 1702, INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 1992
Honda K, Tokoro M. An object calculus for asynchronous communication. In: America P, ed. Proceedings of European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, 1991. 133–147
Abadi M, Gordon A D. A calculus for cryptographic protocols: the spi calculus. In: Proceedings of the 4th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York: ACM, 1997. 36–47
López N, Núñez M. An overview of probabilistic process algebras and their equivalences. In: Baier C, Haverkort B, Hermanns H, et al., eds. Validation of Stochastic Systems. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, 2004. 89–123
Baeten J, Bergstra J, Smolka S. Axiomatizing probabilistic processes: ACP with generative probabilities. Inf Comput, 1995, 122: 234–255
Hansson H, Jonsson B. A calculus for communicating systems with time and probabilities. In: Proceedings of the 11th Real-Time Systems Symposium, Lake Buena Vista, 1990. 278–287
Seidel K. Probabilistic communicating processes. Theor Comput Sci, 1995, 152: 219–249
Herescu O M, Palamidessi C. Probabilistic asynchronous π-calculus. In: Tiuryn J, ed. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures: Held as Part of the Joint European Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2000. 146–160
Hermanns H, Herzog U, Katoen J-P. Process algebra for performance evaluation. Theor Comput Sci, 2002, 274: 43–87
Priami C. Stochastic π-calculus. Comput J, 1995, 38: 578–589
Ying M. pi-calculus with noisy channels. Acta Inform, 2005, 41: 525–593
Cao Y. Reliability of mobile processes with noisy channels. IEEE Trans Comput, 2011, doi: 10.1109/TC.2011.147, in press
Huang S, Cao Y, Wang H, et al. Value-passing CCS with noisy channels. Theor Comput Sci, 2012, 433: 43–59
Cao Y. A hierarchy of behavioral equivalences in the π-calculus with noisy channels. Comput J, 2010, 53: 3–20
Segala R, Lynch N. Probabilistic simulations for probabilistic processes. Nord J Comput, 1995, 2: 250–273
Sokolova A, De Vink E P. Probabilistic automata: system types, parallel composition and comparison. In: Baier C, Haverkort B R, Hermanns H, et al., eds. Validation of Stochastic Systems. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, 2004. 1–44
van Glabbeek R J, Smolka S A, Steffen B, et al. Reactive, generative, and stratified models of probabilistic processes. In: Mitchell J C, ed. Proceedings of the 5th Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, 1990. 130–141
Giacalone A, Jou C-C, Smolka S A. Algebraic reasoning for probabilistic concurrent systems. In: Broy M, Jones C B, eds. Proceedings of Working Conference on Programming Concepts and Methods IFIP TC2, 1990. 443–458
Milner R. Calculi for synchrony and asynchrony. Theor Comput Sci, 1983, 25: 267–310
Bhargava M, Palamidessi C. Probabilistic anonymity. In: Abadi M, De Alfaro L, eds. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, 2005. 171–185
Pradalier S, Palamidessi C. Expressiveness of probabilistic π-calculus. Electr Notes Theor Comput Sci, 2006, 164: 119–136
Chatzikokolakis K, Palamidessi C. A framework for analyzing probabilistic protocols and its application to the partial secrets exchange. In: De Nicola R, Sangiorgi D, eds. Trustworthy Global Computing. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, 2005. 146–162
Varacca D, Yoshida N. Probabilistic π-calculus and event structures. Electr Notes Theor Comput Sci, 2007, 190: 147–166
Varacca D, Völzer H, Winskel G. Probabilistic event structures and domains. Theor Comput Sci, 2006, 358: 173–199
Sangiorgi D, Walker D. The π-calculus: A Theory of Mobile Processes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001
Larsen K G, Skou A. Bisimulation through probabilistic testing. Inf Comput, 1991, 94: 1–28
Wu P, Palamidessi C, Lin H. Symbolic bisimulations for probabilistic systems. In: the 4th International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems, Edinburgh, 2007. 179–188
Parrow J. An introduction to the π-calculus. In: Bergstra J, Ponse A, Smolka S A, eds. Handbook of Process Algebra. Amsterdam-Lausanne-New York-Oxford-Shannon-Tokyo: Elsevier Science, 2001. 479–543
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, W., Cao, Y. & Wang, H. Behavioural equivalences of a probabilistic pi-calculus. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 55, 2031–2043 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-012-4660-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-012-4660-1