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Controlling the key by choosing the detection bits in quantum cryptographic protocols

在量子密码协议中通过选择检测比特位置以控制密钥

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Abstract

Eavesdropping detection is an indispensable process of most quantum cryptographic protocols. By publishing and comparing part of the shared bits, called as detection bits, the participants can check whether there exists an eavesdropper. Generally, the detection bits are chosen randomly. Consequently, the secret bits, i.e., the rest bits, are also random. Then, what if the detection bits are chosen non-randomly? Can the participant who chooses the detection bits make the secret bits to be a predetermined string he expected? This paper focuses on the participants’ key control capability when they choose the detection bits selectively in two-party quantum communication protocols. Concretely, we analyze the participants’ key control capability in different situations of different proportions of the detection bits. And we prove that the participants can predetermine, with high probability, any part of the secret bits of which the length is smaller than that of the detection bits. The above result has various potential applications in quantum cryptographic protocols. Obviously, utilizing this non-random selection of the detection bits, one can realize the function of a deterministic quantum key distribution protocol through a random one if the number of the detection bits is not smaller than that of the secret bits. What is more, we find that quite a few quantum key agreement protocols cannot guarantee the fairness of the key in the sense that the participant who chooses the detection bits can control the key somewhat.

摘要

创新点

在量子密钥分发( Quantum Key Distribution, QKD) 协议中, 参与者对检测比特的选择一般都是随机的, 这样产生的密钥也是随机的。那么如果不随机选择检测比特会怎样呢? 本文分析了当参与者不随机选择检测比特时其对密钥的控制能力。研究表明, 当检测比特所占比例超过1/2时, 参与者可以以非常高的概率完全控制密钥。同时, 本文还研究了这种不随机选择检测比特的检测窃听方式在确定性QKD和量子密钥协商中的应用。

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China

    Bin Liu, Fei Gao, Wei Huang, Dan Li & QiaoYan Wen

  2. College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China

    Bin Liu

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  1. Bin Liu
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  2. Fei Gao
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  3. Wei Huang
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  4. Dan Li
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Correspondence to Fei Gao.

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Liu, B., Gao, F., Huang, W. et al. Controlling the key by choosing the detection bits in quantum cryptographic protocols. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 58, 1–11 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-015-5413-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-015-5413-8

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