Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Multi-carrier Tb/s silicon photonic coherent receiver

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Science China Information Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We propose a silicon polarization-diversity coherent receiver for wavelength-multiplexing transmission without using the large-footprint arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). We have integrated our proposed coherent receiver on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform for high-capacity transmission. In the proposed coherent receiver, high-frequency photocurrent signals from other wavelengths are suppressed by electrical low-pass filters. Moreover, the signal-signal beat interference (SSBI) generated from each wavelength is eliminated by the balanced detection. These two features lend to the proposed coherent receiver being free of the mm-scale AWG. We have demonstrated our proposed coherent receiver to detect a 1.12-Tb/s wavelength-division-multiplexed and polarization-division-multiplexed 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (PDM-16-QAM) signal. The compact footprint of the silicon chip promises small-form-factor receivers for future ultra-high-capacity coherent communication systems that require a high integration level and low fabrication cost.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Chralyvy A. The coming capacity crunch. In: Proceedings of European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication, 2009

  2. Tkach R W. Scaling optical communications for the next decade and beyond. Bell Labs Tech J, 2010, 14: 3–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ellis A D, Gunning F C G, Cuenot B, et al. Towards 1TbE using coherent WDM. In: Proceedings of Joint Conference of the Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference and the Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology, 2008. 1–4

  4. Doerr C R, Buhl L L, Baeyens Y, et al. Packaged monolithic silicon 112-Gb/s coherent receiver. IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 2011, 23: 762–764

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Xia Y, Valenzuela L, Maharry A, et al. A fully integrated O-band coherent optical receiver operating up to 80 Gb/s. In: Proceedings of IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC), 2021. 1–2

  6. An S, Zhu Q, Li J, et al. 112-Gb/s SSB 16-QAM signal transmission over 120-km SMF with direct detection using a MIMOANN nonlinear equalizer. Opt Express, 2019, 27: 12794–12805

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Nasu Y, Mizuno T, Kasahara R, et al. Temperature insensitive and ultra wideband silica-based dual polarization optical hybrid for coherent receiver with highly symmetrical interferometer design. Opt Express, 2011, 19: 112–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Tsukamoto S, Ly-Gagnon D S, Katoh K, et al. Coherent demodulation of 40-Gbit/s polarization-multiplexed QPSK signals with 16-GHz spacing after 200-km transmission. In: Proceedings of Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2005

  9. Verbist J, Zhang J, Moeneclaey B, et al. A 40-GBd QPSK/16-QAM integrated silicon coherent receiver. IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 2016, 28: 2070–2073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Seiler P M, Voigt K, Peczek A, et al. Multiband silicon photonic ePIC coherent receiver for 64 GBd QPSK. J Lightwave Technol, 2022, 40: 3331–3337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Soma G, Ishimura S, Tanomura R, et al. Integrated dual-polarization coherent receiver without a polarization splitter-rotator. Opt Express, 2021, 29: 1711–1721

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yamanaka S, Ikuma Y, Itoh T, et al. Silicon photonics coherent optical subassembly with EO and OE bandwidths of over 50 GHz. In: Proceedings of Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2020

  13. Kurata Y, Nasu Y, Tamura M, et al. Silica-based PLC with heterogeneously-integrated PDs for one-chip DP-QPSK receiver. Opt Express, 2012, 20: 264–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Winzer P J, Essiambre R J. Advanced optical modulation formats. In: Optical Fiber Telecommunications VB. Pittsburgh: Academic Press, 2008. 23–93

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Kikuchi K. Digital coherent optical communication systems: fundamentals and future prospects. IEICE Electron Express, 2011, 8: 1642–1662

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang J, Kroh M, Theurer A, et al. Dual-quadrature coherent receiver for 100G Ethernet applications based on polymer planar lightwave circuit. Opt Express, 2011, 19: 166–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Tsunashima S, Nakajima F, Nasu Y, et al. Silica-based, compact and variable-optical-attenuator integrated coherent receiver with stable optoelectronic coupling system. Opt Express, 2012, 20: 27174–27179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ohyama T, Ogawa I, Tanobe H, et al. All-in-one 112-Gb/s DP-QPSK optical receiver front-end module using hybrid integration of silica-based planar lightwave circuit and photodiode arrays. IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 2012, 24: 646–648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Dong P, Liu X, Chandrasekhar S, et al. 224-Gb/s PDM-16-QAM modulator and receiver based on silicon photonic integrated circuits. In: Proceedings of Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC), 2013. 1–3

  20. Doerr C, Chen L, Vermeulen D, et al. Single-chip silicon photonics 100-Gb/s coherent transceiver. In: Proceedings of Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2014

  21. Chen L, Doerr C, Aroca R, et al. Silicon photonics for 100G-and-beyond coherent transmissions. In: Proceedings of Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2016

  22. Zhu Y, Zhang F, Yang F, et al. Toward single lane 200G optical interconnects with silicon photonic modulator. J Lightwave Technol, 2019, 38: 67–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Kurata Y, Nasu Y, Tamura M, et al. Heterogeneous integration of high-speed InP PDs on silica-based planar lightwave circuit platform. In: Proceedings of the 37th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication, 2011. 1–3

  24. He A, Guo X, Wang K, et al. Low loss, large bandwidth fiber-chip edge couplers based on silicon-on-insulator platform. J Lightwave Technol, 2020, 38: 4780–4786

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Inoue T, Nara K. Ultrasmall PBS-integrated coherent mixer using 1.8%-delta silica-based planar lightwave circuit. In: Proceedings of the 36th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication, 2010. 1–3

  26. Zhang Y, He Y, Jiang X, et al. Ultra-compact and highly efficient silicon polarization splitter and rotator. APL Photonics, 2016, 1: 091304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhalehpour S, Guo M, Lin J, et al. System optimization of an all-silicon IQ modulator: achieving 100-Gbaud dual-polarization 32QAM. J Lightwave Technol, 2019, 38: 256–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhalehpour S, Lin J, Guo M, et al. All-silicon IQ modulator for 100 GBaud 32QAM transmissions. In: Proceedings of Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2019

  29. Wolf S, Going R, Porto S, et al. 2-Channels × 100 GBd 32QAM transmission over 500 km enabled by InP PICs and sige ASICs. In: Proceedings of the 45th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC 2019), 2019. 1–3

  30. Ishimura S, Fukui T, Tanomura R, et al. 64-QAM self-coherent transmission using symmetric silicon photonic Stokes-Vector receiver. In: Proceedings of Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2022

  31. Fang D, Zazzi A, Müller J, et al. Optical arbitrary waveform measurement (OAWM) on the silicon photonic platform. In: Proceedings of Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC), 2021

  32. Sano A, Kobayashi T, Ishihara K, et al. 240-Gb/s polarization-multiplexed 64-QAM modulation and blind detection using PLC-LN hybrid integrated modulator and digital coherent receiver. In: Proceedings of the 35th European Conference on Optical Communication, 2009. 1–2

  33. Shi T, Su T I, Zhang N, et al. Silicon photonics platform for 400G data center applications. In: Proceedings of Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exposition (OFC), 2018

  34. Wang Y, Li X, Jiang Z, et al. Ultrahigh-speed graphene-based optical coherent receiver. Nat Commun, 2021, 12: 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  35. Paiam M R, MacDonald R I. Design of phased-array wavelength division multiplexers using multimode interference couplers. Appl Opt, 1997, 36: 5097–5108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Liu X, Hsieh I W, Chen X, et al. Design and fabrication of an ultra-compact silicon on insulator demultiplexer based on arrayed waveguide gratings. In: Proceedings of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2008

  37. Tsao S L, Lin Y H. Design and analysis of 64 × 64 arrayed waveguide grating based on Silicon-on-Insulator substrat. In: Proceedings of Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics, 2005. 957–958

  38. Fernando H N J, Stoll A, Boggio J C, et al. Arrayed waveguide gratings beyond communication: utilization of entire imageplane of output star-coupler for spectroscopy and sensing. In: Proceedings of SPIE, 2012. 8431: 372–380

    Google Scholar 

  39. Cheben P, Schmid J H, Delage A, et al. A high-resolution silicon-on-insulator arrayed waveguide grating microspectrometer with sub-micrometer aperture waveguides. Opt Express, 2007, 15: 2299–2306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. He Y, An S, Li X, et al. Record high-order mode-division-multiplexed transmission on chip using gradient-duty-cycle sub-wavelength gratings. In: Proceedings of Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC), 2021

  41. Son T, Karsten S, Roman D, et al. Beyond 400 Gb/s direct detection over 80 km for data center interconnect applications. J Lightwave Technol, 2020, 38: 538–545

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Doerr C, Zhang L, Winzer P. Monolithic InP multi-wavelength coherent receiver. In: Proceedings of Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC/NFOEC), Collocated National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, 2010. 1–3

  43. Kaiser R, Saavedra B, Cincotti G, et al. Integrated all-optical 8-channel OFDM/Nyquist-WDM transmitter and receiver for flexible terabit networks. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 2015. 1–4

  44. Doi Y, Yoshimatsu T, Nakanishi Y, et al. Receiver integration with arrayed waveguide gratings toward multi-wavelength data-centric communications and computing. Appl Sci, 2020, 10: 8205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Chen L, Doerr C R, Buhl L, et al. Monolithically integrated 40-wavelength demultiplexer and photodetector array on silicon. IEEE Photon Technol Lett, 2011, 23: 869–871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Okamoto K. Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2021

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFB1803602) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61835008, 61860206001, 61975115).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Lab of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Zhen Wang, Xingfeng Li, Jingchi Li, Jian Shen, Yong Zhang & Yikai Su

Authors
  1. Zhen Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xingfeng Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jingchi Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jian Shen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yong Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yikai Su
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yikai Su.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, Z., Li, X., Li, J. et al. Multi-carrier Tb/s silicon photonic coherent receiver. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 67, 112405 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-022-3742-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-022-3742-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation