Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Removal of eye movement artefacts from single channel recordings of retinal evoked potentials using synchronous dynamical embedding and independent component analysis

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A system is described for the removal of eye movement and blink artefacts from single channel pattern reversal electroretinogram recordings of very poor signal-to-noise ratios. Artefacts are detected and removed by using a blind source separation technique based on the jadeR independent component analysis algorithm. The single channel data are arranged as a series of overlapping time-delayed vectors forming a dynamical embedding matrix. The structure of this matrix is constrained to the phase of the stimulation epoch: the term synchronous dynamical embedding is coined. A novel method using a marker channel with a non-independent synchronous feature is employed to identify the single most relevant source estimation for reconstruction and signal recovery. This method is non-lossy, all underlying signal being recovered. In synthetic datasets of defined noise content and in standardised real data recordings, the performance of this technique is compared to conventional fixed-threshold hard-limit rejection. The most significant relative improvements are achieved when movement and blink artefacts are greatest: no improvement is demonstrable for the random noise only situation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Broomhead DS, King GP (1986) Extracting qualitative data dynamics from experimental data. Physica D 20(2–3):217–236

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Cardoso J-F (1997) Infomax and maximum likelihood for source separation. IEEE Lett Signal Process 4:112–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Cardoso J-F (2004) The jadeR algorithm. Internet reference. Retrieved from http://www.tsi.enst.fr/∼cardoso/Algo/Jade/jadeR.m 1/11/2004

  4. Fishman GA (2001) The electroretinogram. In: Fishman GA, Birch DG, Holder GE, Brigell MG (eds) Electrophysiologic testing, 2nd edn. The Foundation of The American Academy of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, pp 1–156

    Google Scholar 

  5. Holder GE (2001) The pattern electroretinogram. In: Fishman GA, Birch DG, Holder GE, Brigell MG (eds) Electrophysiologic testing, 2nd edn. The Foundation of The American Academy of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, pp 197–235

  6. Hyvärinen AE et al (2005) fastICA Internet reference. Retrieved from http://www.cis.hut.fi/projects/ica/fastica/ 13/05/2005

  7. Hyvärinen AE, Oja E (2000) Independent component analysis. Algorithms and applications. Neural Netw 13(4–5):411–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hyvärinen A, Karhunen J, Oja E (2001) Independent component analysis. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  9. James CJ, Hesse CW (2005) Independent component analysis for biomedical signals. Physiol Meas 26:15–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. James CJ, Lowe D (2003) Extracting multisource brain activity from a single electromagnetic channel. Artif Intell Med 28:89–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Jung T-P, Makeig S, Westerfield M, Townsend J, Courchesne E, Sejnowski TJ (2000) Removal of eye activity artifacts from visual event-related potentials in normal and clinical subjects. Clin Neurophysiol 111:1745–1758

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Marmor MF, Holder GE, Porciatti V et al (1996) Guidelines for basic pattern electroretinography: recommendations by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision. Doc Ophthalmol 91:291–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. MathWorks Inc. (2005) Internet reference. Retrieved from http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/signal/filtfilt.html 27/9/2005

  14. Nandi AK (1999) Blind estimation using higher-order statistics. Kluwer, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  15. Shao F, Dongsheng T (1996) The Jackknife and bootstrap. Springer series in statistics. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

  16. Takens F (1981) Detecting strange attractors in turbulence. Lect Notes Math. 898:366–381

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Woon LW (2002) Analysis of magnetoencephalographic data as a non-linear dynamical system. PhD thesis. The University of Aston in Birmingham

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Engineering, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Medical School, Duncan Building, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L78XP, UK

    A. C. Fisher, R. P. Hagan & M. C. Brown

  2. The Clinical Eye Research Centre, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Medical School, Duncan Building, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L78XP, UK

    A. C. Fisher, R. P. Hagan & M. C. Brown

  3. School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    W. El-Deredy

  4. Deptartment of Computer & Mathematical Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK

    P. J. G. Lisboa

Authors
  1. A. C. Fisher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. W. El-Deredy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. P. Hagan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. C. Brown
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. P. J. G. Lisboa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. C. Fisher.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fisher, A.C., El-Deredy, W., Hagan, R.P. et al. Removal of eye movement artefacts from single channel recordings of retinal evoked potentials using synchronous dynamical embedding and independent component analysis. Med Bio Eng Comput 45, 69–77 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-006-0123-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-006-0123-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation