Abstract
Ultrasound measurements of the human carotid artery walls are conventionally obtained by manually tracing interfaces between tissue layers. In this study we present a snakes segmentation technique for detecting the intima-media layer of the far wall of the common carotid artery (CCA) in longitudinal ultrasound images, by applying snakes, after normalization, speckle reduction, and normalization and speckle reduction. The proposed technique utilizes an improved snake initialization method, and an improved validation of the segmentation method. We have tested and clinically validated the segmentation technique on 100 longitudinal ultrasound images of the carotid artery based on manual measurements by two vascular experts, and a set of different evaluation criteria based on statistical measures and univariate statistical analysis. The results showed that there was no significant difference between all the snakes segmentation measurements and the manual measurements. For the normalized despeckled images, better snakes segmentation results with an intra-observer error of 0.08, a coefficient of variation of 12.5%, best Bland–Altman plot with smaller differences between experts (0.01, 0.09 for Expert1 and Expert 2, respectively), and a Hausdorff distance of 5.2, were obtained. Therefore, the pre-processing of ultrasound images of the carotid artery with normalization and speckle reduction, followed by the snakes segmentation algorithm can be used successfully in the measurement of IMT complementing the manual measurements. The present results are an expansion of data published earlier as an extended abstract in IFMBE Proceedings (Loizou et al. IEEE Int X Mediterr Conf Medicon Med Biol Eng POS-03 499:1–4, 2004).
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Acknowledgments
This work was partly funded through the project Integrated System for the Support of the Diagnosis for the Risk of Stroke (IASIS), of the fifth Annual Program for the Financing of Research of the Research Promotion Foundation of Cyprus 2002–2005, through the project Integrated System for the Evaluation of Ultrasound Imaging of the Carotid Artery (TALOS), of the Program for Research and Technological Development 2003–2005, of the Research Promotion Foundation of Cyprus, as well as, from the Cardiovascular Disease Educational and Research Trust (CDER Trust) UK.
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Loizou, C.P., Pattichis, C.S., Pantziaris, M. et al. Snakes based segmentation of the common carotid artery intima media. Med Bio Eng Comput 45, 35–49 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-006-0140-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-006-0140-3