Abstract
Any mechanical instability associated with total hip replacement (THR) excites elastic waves with different frequencies and propagates through the surrounding biological layers. Using the acoustic emission (AE) technique as a THR monitoring tool provides valuable information on structural degradations associated with these implants. However, several factors can compromise the reliability of the signals detected by AE sensors, such as attenuation of the detected signal due to the presence of biological layers in the human body between prosthesis (THR) and AE sensor. The main objective of this study is to develop a numerical model of THR that evaluates the impact of biological layer thicknesses on AE signal propagation. Adipose tissue thickness, which varies the most between patients, was modeled at two different thicknesses 40 mm and 70 mm, while the muscle and skin thicknesses were kept to a constant value. The proposed models were tested at different micromotions of 2 µm, 15–20 µm at modular junctions, and different frequencies of 10–60 kHz. Attenuation of signal is observed to be more with an increase in the selected boundary conditions along with an increase in distance the signals propagate through. Thereby, the numerical observations drawn on each interface helped to simulate the effect of tissue thicknesses and their impact on the attenuation of elastic wave propagation to the AE receiver sensor.
Graphical abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Browne M, Roques A, Taylor A (2005) The acoustic emission technique in orthopaedics-a review. J Strain Anal Eng Design 40:59–79
FitzPatrick AJ, Rodgers GW, Hooper GJ, Woodfield TBF (2017) Development and validation of an acoustic emission device to measure wear in total hip replacements in-vitro and in-vivo. Biomed Signal Process Control 33:281–288
Ampadi R., Remya, Vishwash B., Christine Lee, Srinivasa Pai P., Alejandro A. Espinoza Oras, Didem Ozevin, and Mathew T. Mathew (2020). Hip implant performance prediction by acoustic emission techniques: a review. Med Biol Eng Comput 1–14.
Banerjee, Shiladitya, Kazage JC Utuje, and M. Cristina Marchetti (2015). Propagating stress waves during epithelial expansion. Phys Rev Lett 114.
Benoit, M., J.H. Giovanola, A. Curnier, Kossi Agbeviade, and Marcel Donnet (2009). Experimental characterization of pressure wave generation and propagation in biological tissues. In 13th Int Conference Biomed Eng, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1623–1626.
Gao XJ, Murota K, Ono Tomita YM, Nunomura Higo YS (1990) Evaluation of the fixation of artificial hip joint by acoustic emission. Jpn J Appl Phys 29(S1):215
Roshni. Interaction Of Sound and Media. Roshni’s Physics E-Portfolio. https://sites.google.com/site/roshnisphysicseportfolio/interaction-of-sound-and-media. Accessed 13 April 2020
Amin VR (1989) Ultrasonic attenuation estimation for tissue characterization. (Iowa State University). Accessed 13 April 2020
Pan L, Zan L, Stuart Foster F (1998) Ultrasonic and viscoelastic properties of skin under transverse mechanical stress in vitro. Ultrasound Med Biol 24:995–1007
Mavrogordato M, Taylor M, Taylor A, Browne M (2011) Real time monitoring of progressive damage during loading of a simplified total hip stem construct using embedded acoustic emission sensors. Med Eng Phys 33:395–406
Rodgers GW, Young JL, Fields AV, Shearer RZ, Woodfield TBF, Hooper GJ, Geoffrey Chase J (2014) Acoustic emission monitoring of total hip arthroplasty implants. IFAC Proceed 47:4796–4800
Li C, Granger C, Del Schutte H, Biggers SB, Kennedy JM, Latour RA (2003) Failure analysis of composite femoral components for hip arthroplasty. J Rehabilitation Res Develop 40:131–146
Chethan KN, Zuber M, Shenoy S, Kini CR (2019) Finite element analysis of different hip implant designs along with femur under static loading conditions. J Biomed Phys Eng 9:507
Pastrav LC, Devos J, Van der Perre G, Jaecques SVN (2009) A finite element analysis of the vibrational behaviour of the intra-operatively manufactured prosthesis–femur system. Med Eng Phys 31:489–494
Hériveaux Y, Vu-Hieu N, Vladimir B, Cyril G, Guillaume H (2019) Reflection of an ultrasonic wave on the bone−implant interface: effect of the roughness parameters. J Acoustical Soc Am 145:3370–3381
Abu-Amer, Y., Darwech, I. and C Clohisy, J. (2007) Aseptic loosening of total joint replacements: mechanisms underlying osteolysis and potential therapies. Arthritis Res Therapy 9.
Lewis JL, Askew MJ, Wixson RL, Kramer GM, Tarr RR (1984) The influence of prosthetic stem stiffness and of a calcar collar on stresses in the proximal end of the femur with a cemented femoral component. J Bone Joint Surg 66:280–286
Colic K, Sedmak A, Grbovic A, Tatic U, Sedmak S, Djordjevic B (2016) Finite element modeling of hip implant static loading. Procedia Eng 149:257–262
Anguiano-Sanchez J, Martinez-Romero O, Siller HR, Diaz-Elizondo JA, Flores-Villalba E, Rodriguez CA (2016) Influence of PEEK coating on hip implant stress shielding: a finite element analysis. Comput Math Methods Med
Chethan KN, Zuber M, Shenoy S, Kini CR (2019) Static structural analysis of different stem designs used in total hiparthroplasty usingfinite element method. Heliyon 5:e01767
Senalp AZ, Kayabasi O, Kurtaran H (2007) Static, dynamic and fatigue behavior of newly designed stem shapes for hip prosthesis using finite element analysis. Mater Des 28:1577–1583
Kumar KN, Tandon T, Silori P, Shaikh A (2015) Biomechanical stress analysis of a human femur bone using ANSYS. Materials Today: Proceed 2:2115–2120
Gross ST, Abel EW (2001) A finite element analysis of hollow stemmed hip prostheses as a means of reducing stress shielding of the femur. J Biomech 34:995–1003
Sabatini AL, Goswami T (2008) Hip implants VII: Finite element analysis and optimization of cross-sections. Mater Des 29:1438–1446
Malau DP, Utomo MS, Annur D, Asmaria T, Prabowo Y, Rahyussalim AJ, Supriadi S, Amal MI (2019) Finite element analysis of porous stemmed hip prosthesis for children. AIP Conference Proceed AIP Publishing LLC 2193:050020
Çelik T, Kişioğlu Y (2019) Evaluation of new hip prosthesis design with finite element analysis. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 42:1033–1038
Özgun N, Busse DW-IM, Trejo IEG (2013) Finite element method (FEM) & COMSOL - A (very) brief introduction.Systems Neuroscience & Neurotechnology Unit, Neurocenter, Saarland Univeristy Hospital. Accessed 12 May 2020
Chen DW, Lin C-L, Hu C-C, Wu J-W, Lee MS (2012) Finite element analysis of different repair methods of Vancouver B1 periprosthetic fractures after total hip arthroplasty. Injury 43:1061–1065
Cerrolaza M (2004) Computational bioengineering: current trends and applications. Imperial College Press.
Categories of waves. The physics classroom https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-1/Categories-of-Waves#:~:text=Transverse waves are always characterized, direction that the wave moves. Accessed 13 April 2020
Transverse Waves. Transverse and longitudinal waves http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Sound/tralon.html. Accessed 25 April 2020
Okuno, E. Physics of ultrasound. https://humanhealth.iaea.org/HHW/MedicalPhysics/TheMedicalPhysicist/Studentscorner/HandbookforTeachersandStudents/Chapter_12.pdf. Accessed 13 April 2020
Geerligs M, Peters GW, Ackermans PA, Oomens CW, Baaijens F (2008) Linear viscoelastic behavior of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Biorheology 45:677–688
Pradhan T (2015) Finite element modeling of impact-generated stress wave propagation in concrete plates for non-destructive evaluation. (Lehigh University).
Trivedi S (2014) Finite element analysis: a boon to dentistry. J Oral Biol Craniofacial Res 4:200–203
Kamali N, Mahdavi A, Sheng-Wei C (2020) Numerical study on how heterogeneity affects ultrasound high harmonics generation. Nondestructive Test Evaluation 35:158–176
The Linear Elastic Model. Solid mechanics part I: an introduction to solid mechanics http://homepages.engineering.auckland.ac.nz/~pkel015/SolidMechanicsBooks/Part_I/BookSM_Part_I/06_LinearElasticity/06_Linear_Elasticity_01_Elastic_Model.pdf. Accessed 25 April 2020
Pilarczyk B (2019) Contributions of muscle, skin, and adipose tissue to indentation response, assessed with computational arm model under quasi static conditions. (Master's thesis, University of Waterloo)
Unger AC, Cabrera-Palacios H, Jürgens Schulz APC, Paech A (2009) Acoustic monitoring (RFM) of total hip arthroplasty results of a cadaver study. Eur J Med Res 14(6):264
Krupinski, E. (Ed. ) (2008). Digital mammography: 9th International Workshop. vol. 5116 (Springer).
Otte JW, Merrick MA, Ingersoll CD, Cordova ML (2002) Subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness alters cooling time during cryotherapy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 83:1501–1505
Speed of sound, frequency, and wavelength. speed of sound, frequency, and wavelength — Physics https://cnx.org/contents/zOZP3vRI@13.6:n4YubbaZ@11/14-1-Speed-of-Sound-Frequency-and-Wavelength. Accessed 25 April 2020
Speed of sound, frequency, and wavelength. speed of sound, frequency, and wavelength | Physics https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/17-2-speed-of-sound-frequency-and-wavelength/. Accessed 25 April 2020
Chi SW, Hodgson J, Chen JS, Edgerton VR, Shin DD, Roiz RA, Sinha S (2010) Finite element modeling reveals complex strain mechanics in the aponeuroses of contracting skeletal muscle. J Biomech 43(7):1243–1250
McKee CT, Last JA, Russell P, Murphy CJ (2011) Indentation versus tensile measurements of Young’s modulus for soft biological tissues. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 17:155–164
Madeti BK, Srinivasa Rao C, BSiva Rao Bollapragada SS (2018) Force evaluation and stress distribution at possible weight and structure of femur bone in pelvis frame while standing. Int J Med Eng Inform 10:235–251
Lee C, Zhang L, Morris D, Cheng KY, Ramachandran RA, Barba M, Bijukumar D, Ozevin D, Mathew MT (2021) Non-invasive early detection of failure modes in total hip replacements (THR) via acoustic emission (AE). J Mechanic Behavior Biomed Mater 118:104484
Rafael Mello T, Maru MM (2017) Importance of preclinical evaluation of wear in hip implant designs using simulator machines. Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia (English Edition) 52:251–259
Mayrosh J (2001) Experimental study of the attenuation of acoustic emission signals in welded steel structures
Zakharov D, Ptichkov SN, Shemyakin VV (2010) Acoustic emission signal attenuation in the waveguides used in underwater AE testing. In 10th Eur Conference on Non-Destructive Test 50
Trott, D. W. and Matthias, K. G. (2010) Conducting finite element convergence studies using COMSOL 4.0. In Proceedings of the COMSOL Conference.
Patil H, Jeyakarthikeyan PV (2018) Mesh convergence study and estimation of discretization error of hub in clutch disc with integration of ANSYS. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 402, no. 1, p. 012065. IOP Publishing
Stolk J, Verdonschot N, Huiskes R (1998) Sensitivity of failure criteria of cemented total hip replacements to finite element mesh density. J Biomech 1001:165
Falkenberg A, Drummen P, Morlock MM, Huber G (2019) Determination of local micromotion at the stem-neck taper junction of a bi-modular total hip prosthesis design. Med Eng Phys 65:31–38
Amirkhizi AV, Tehranian A, Nemat-Nasser S (2010) Stress-wave energy management through material anisotropy. Wave Motion 47:519–536
Yu J, Liu Z, He Z, Zhou X, Ye J (2020) Fluctuation characteristic test of oblique stress waves in infilled jointed rock and study of the analytic method. Advances in Civil Engineering 2020
Abbey T (2016) Stress in FEA: part 3. https://www.digitalengineering247.com/article/stress-in-fea-part-3/. Accessed 12 May 2020
Kalra A, Lowe A,Al-Jumaily AM (2016) Mechanical behaviour of skin: a review. J Material Sci Eng 5
Aaron R, Huang M, Shiffman CA (1997) Anisotropy of human muscle via non-invasive impedance measurements. Phys Med Biol 42:1245–1262
Farina D, Rainoldi A (1999) Compensation of the effect of sub-cutaneous tissue layers on surface EMG: a simulation study. Med Eng Phys 21:487–497
Romenskii EI, Lys EB, Cheverda VA, Epov MI (2017) Dynamics of deformation of an elastic medium with initial stresses. J Appl Mech Tech Phy 58:914–923
Wei J, Zhu W, Guan K, Zhou J, Song JJ (2019) An acoustic emission data-driven model to simulate rock failure process. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 1–17.
Sim E, Larkin J, Burke K, Bock CW (2003) Testing the kinetic energy functional: kinetic energy density as a density functional. J Chem Phys 118:8140–8148
Droubi MG, Reuben RL (2016) Monitoring acoustic emission (AE) energy of abrasive particle impacts in a slurry flow loop using a statistical distribution model. Appl Acoust 113:202–209
Droubi MG, Reuben RL, White G (2012) Statistical distribution models for monitoring acoustic emission (AE) energy of abrasive particle impacts on carbon steel. Mech Syst Signal Process 30:356–372
Han X, Zheng L, Chen C, Shi H (2018) Velocity and attenuation of elastic wave in a developed layer with the initial inner percolation in the pores. J Petrol Explor Prod Technol 8:1079–1088
Moebs W, Ling SJ, Sanny J (2016) 16.4 Energy and power of a wave. in University Physics Volume 1 (OpenStax). Accessed 12 May 2020
Strantza M, Louis O, Demosthenes P, Frans B, Van Hemelrijck D, Aggelis DG (2014) Wave dispersion and attenuation on human femur tissue. Sensors 14:15067–15083
Augusta University, Medical college of Georgia, (2020) Attenuation math. Resident Physics Lectures. https://www.augusta.edu/mcg/radiology/residency/documents/attenuationmath.ppt. Accessed 12 May 2020
Bishop J, Poole G, Leitch M, Plewes BD (1998) Magnetic resonance imaging of shear wave propagation in excised tissue. J Magn Reson Imaging 8:1257–1265
Haschke H, Konow T, Huber G, Morlock MM (2019) Influence of flexural rigidity on micromotion at the head-stem taper interface of modular hip prostheses. Med Eng Phys 68:1–10
Farhoudi H, Fallahnezhad K, Oskouei RH, Taylor M (2017) A finite element study on the mechanical response of the head-neck interface of hip implants under realistic forces and moments of daily activities: part 1, level walking. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 75:470–476
Weightman BO, Paul IL, Rose RM, Simon SR, Radin EL (1973) A comparative study of total hip replacement prostheses. J Biomech 6:299–311
Vavva MG, Protopappas VC, Gergidis LN, Charalambopoulos A, Fotiadis DI, Polyzos D (2008) The effect of boundary conditions on guided wave propagation in two-dimensional models of healing bone. Ultrasonics 48:598–606
Protopappas VC, Fotiadis DI, Malizos KN (2006) Guided ultrasound wave propagation in intact and healing long bones. Ultrasound Med Biol 32:693–708
Saha S, Lakes RS (1977) The effect of soft tissue on wave-propagation and vibration tests for determining the in vivo properties of bone. J Biomech 10:393–401
Lowet G, Van der Perre G (1996) Ultrasound velocity measurement in long bones: measurement method and simulation of ultrasound wave propagation. J Biomech 29:1255–1262
Rus G, Faris IH, Torres J, Callejas A, L Melchor (2020) Why are viscosity and nonlinearity bound to make an impact in clinical elastographic diagnosis? Sensors (Basel) 20.
Kim B, Kwon S, Lee M, Kim QH, An S, Jhe W (2015) Probing nonlinear rheology layer-by-layer in interfacial hydration water. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:15619–15623
Benoit M, Giovanola JH, Curnier A, Agbeviade K, Donnet M (2009) Characterization of pressure wave propagation in biological tissues. DYMAT-International Conference on the Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading, vol 1. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/dymat/2009124
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ampadi Ramachandran, R., Lee, C., Zhang, L. et al. Total hip replacement monitoring: numerical models for the acoustic emission technique. Med Biol Eng Comput 60, 1497–1510 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-022-02548-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-022-02548-6