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The complex impedance phase angle of dominant arm: a useful parameter in bone mineral density (BMD) assessment of group 1 post-menopausal women

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Abstract

For widespread osteoporosis (OP) screening, portable and cost-effective screening devices are needed. With 45 menopaused women, when body mass index was below 30 kg.m− 2, the phase angle (PhA) of complex bioimpedance at 5 kHz, measured from the dominant arm, was correlated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measured central bone mineral densities (BMD), for total hip r = 0.493 and for total lumbar r = 0.411, P< 0.05, and the strength of correlation decreased with increasing measurement frequencies. ANOVA tests showed that, below 15 kHz, PhA was a descriptive marker for bone mineral deficiency. By correlating to hip and lumbar bone mineral densities simultaneously, the dominant arm segment PhA was superior to the characteristic frequency fc of the body impedance spectroscopy (BIS) and the PhA of whole-body impedance measurements, of the earlier research works. Due to its medium correlation strength with central BMDs, a PhA measuring device could be considered as a complementary tool to the gold standard (DEXA), for OP screening of group 1 post-menopausal women only. For group 2, with 44 subjects with body mass indices over 30 kg.m− 2, i.e., obese population, the PhA was not correlated with BMD and was no longer a descriptive marker for reduced BMD.

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Abbreviations

BIS :

bioimpedance spectroscopy

BMD :

bone mineral density

BMI :

body mass index

CPE :

constant phase angle

DEXA :

dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

HBMD :

hip bone mineral density

LBD :

low bone density

LBMD :

lumbar bone mineral density

OP :

osteoporosis

PhA :

impedance phase angle in degrees

WHO :

World Health Organization

f c :

characteristic frequency

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical School for letting us use their facility. We also would like to thank Dr. Ülkü Akarırmak for her support during clinical data collection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Canon Eurasia, Kozyatağı, Değirmen Sk. Nida Kule İş Merkezi No:18 D:10, 34742, Istanbul, Turkey

    Fırat Matur

  2. Bahçeşehir University, Yıldız, Çırağan Cd., 34349 Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Turkey

    Yekta Ülgen

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  1. Fırat Matur
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F. Matur has conducted this research, designed experiments, conducted experiments, and performed statistical analysis. Y. Ülgen is the principal advisor of this research.

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Correspondence to Fırat Matur.

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All procedures performed in the studies that involved human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All subjects have signed an informed consent form prior to participating in this study.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Matur, F., Ülgen, Y. The complex impedance phase angle of dominant arm: a useful parameter in bone mineral density (BMD) assessment of group 1 post-menopausal women. Med Biol Eng Comput 61, 25–32 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11517-022-02669-y

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