Abstract
The trace transform is a novel algorithm that has been shown to be effective in a number of image recognition tasks. It is a generalisation of the Radon transform that has been widely used in image processing for decades. Its generality—allowing multiple functions to be used in the mapping—leads to an algorithm that can be tailored to specific applications. However, its computation complexity has been a barrier to its widespread adoption. By harnessing the heterogeneous resources on a modern FPGA, the algorithm is significantly accelerated. Here, a flexible system is developed that allows for a wide array of functionals to be computed without re-implementing the design. The system is fully scalable, such that the number and complexity of functionals does not affect the speed of the circuit. The heterogeneous resources of the FPGA platform are then used to develop a set of flexible functional blocks that can each implement a number of different mathematical functionals. The combined result of this design is a system that can compute the trace transform on a 256 × 256 pixel image at 26 fps, enabling real-time processing of captured video frames.









Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brady, M.L., Yong, W.: Fast parallel discrete approximation algorithms for the Radon transform. In: Proceedings of ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures, pp. 91–99 (1992)
Celoxica ltd (2004) URL http://www.celoxica.com/
Chandrasekaran, S., Amira, A.: High speed/low power architectures for the finite Radon transform. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL), pp. 450–455 (2005)
Deans, S.: The Radon Transform and Some of its Applications. Wiley, London (1983)
Fahmy, S., Bouganis, C.S., Cheung, P., Luk, W.: Efficient realtime FPGA implementation of the trace transform. In: Proceedings of Field Programmable Logic and Its Applications (2006)
Fahmy, S., Cheung, P., Luk, W.: Novel FPGA-based implementation of median and weighted median filters for image processing. In: Proceedings of Field Programmable Logic and Its Applications (2005)
Frederick, M.T., VanderHorn, N.A., Somani, A.K.: Real-time H/W implementation of the approximate discrete Radon transform. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors, pp. 399–404 (2005)
Kadyrov, A., Petrou, M.: The trace transform as a tool to invariant feature construction. In: Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, vol. 2, pp. 1037–1039 (1998)
Kadyrov, A., Petrou, M.: The trace transform and its applications. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 23(8), 811–828 (2001)
Kadyrov, A., Petrou, M.: Object signatures invariant to Affine distortions derived from the trace transform. Image Vis. Comput. 21, 1135–1143 (2003)
Kadyrov, A., Petrou, M.: Affine parameter estimation from the trace transform. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 28(10), 1631–1645 (2006)
Mitra, A., Banerjee, S.: A regular algorithm for real time Radon and inverse radon transform. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pp. 105–108 (2004)
Petrou, M., Kadyrov, A.: Affine invariant features from the trace transform. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 26(1), 30–44 (2004)
Shapiro, V.A., Ivanov, V.H.: Real-time Hough/Radon transform: algorithm and architectures. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), vol. 3, pp. 630–634 (1994)
Shieh, E., Current, K.W., Hurst, P.J., Agi, I.: High-speed computation of the Radon transform and backprojection using an expandable multiprocessor architecture. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 2(4), 347–360 (1992)
Srisuk, S., Petrou, M., Kurutach, W., Kadyrov, A.: Face authentication using the trace transform. In: Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003, vol. 1, pp. 305–312 (2003)
Srisuk, S., Petrou, M., Kurutach, W., Kadyrov, A.: A face authentication system using the trace transform. Pattern Anal. Appl. 8(1–2), 50–61 (2005)
Xilinx, Inc.: Virtex-II Platform FPGA Handbook (2000)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was partially funded by the UK Research Council under the Basic Technology Research Programme (GR/R87642/02) and by the EPSRC Research Grant (EP/C549481/1).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fahmy, S.A., Bouganis, CS., Cheung, P.Y.K. et al. Real-time hardware acceleration of the trace transform. J Real-Time Image Proc 2, 235–248 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-007-0061-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-007-0061-x