Abstract
Recent advancement in cameras and image processing technology has generated a paradigm shift from traditional 2D and 3D video to multi-view video (MVV) technology, while at the same time improving video quality and compression through standards such as high efficiency video coding (HEVC). In multi-view, cameras are placed in predetermined positions to capture the video from various views. Delivering such views with high quality over the Internet is a challenging prospect, as MVV traffic is several times larger than traditional video, since it consists of multiple video sequences, each captured from a different angle, requiring more bandwidth than single-view video to transmit MVV. In addition, the Internet is known to be prone to packet loss, delay, and bandwidth variation, which adversely affect MVV transmission. Another challenge is that end users’ devices have different capabilities in terms of computing power, display, and access link capacity, requiring MVV to be adapted to each user’s context. In this paper, we propose an HEVC multi-view system using Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP to overcome the above-mentioned challenges. Our system uses an adaptive mechanism to adjust the video bit rate to the variations of bandwidth in best effort networks. We also propose a novel scalable way for the multi-view video and depth content for 3D video in terms of the number of transmitted views. Our objective measurements show that our method of transmitting MVV content can maximize the perceptual quality of virtual views after the rendering and hence increase the user’s quality of experience.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Benzie, P., Watson, J., Member, S., Surman, P., Rakkolainen, I., Hopf, K., Urey, H., Sainov, V., Von Kopylow, C.: A survey of 3dtv displays : techniques and technologies. IEEE Trans. Circuit Syst. Video Technol. 17(11), 1647–1658 (2007)
Buchowicz, A.: Video coding and transmission standards for 3D television—a survey. Opto Electron. Rev. 21(1), 39–51 (2012)
Tanimoto, M.: Free-Viewpoint Television. In: R. Ronfard, R., Taubin, G., (eds.) Image and Geometry Processing for 3-D Cinematography, vol. 5, pp. 53–76. Springer, Berlin (2010)
Kauff, P., Atzpadin, N., Fehn, C., Müller, M., Schreer, O., Smolic, A., Tanger, R.: Depth map creation and image-based rendering for advanced 3DTV services providing interoperability and scalability”. Signal Process. Image Commun. 22(2), 217–234 (2007)
Müller, K., Schwarz, H., Marpe, D., Bartnik, C., Bosse, S., Brust, H., Hinz, T., Lakshman, H., Merkle, P., Rhee, F.H., Tech, G., Winken, M., Wiegand, T.: 3D high-efficiency video coding for multi-view video and depth data. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 22(9), 3366–3378 (2013)
Ozcinar, C.: Ekmekcioglu, E., Kondoz, A.: Dynamic adaptive 3D multi-view video streaming over the internet. In: Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international workshop on Immersive media experiences—ImmersiveMe’13, pp. 51–56. (2013)
Sullivan, G.J., Ohm, J., Han, W., Wiegand, T.: Overview of the high efficiency video coding. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 22(12), 1649–1668 (2012)
Müller, K., Schwarz, H., Marpe, D., Bartnik, C., Bosse, S., Brust, H., Hinz, T., Lakshman, H., Merkle, P., Rhee, F.H., Tech, G., Winken, M., Wiegand, T.: 3D high-efficiency video coding for multi-view video and depth data. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 22(9), 3366–3378 (2013)
Ohm, J., Sullivan, G.J., Schwarz, H., Tan, T.K., Member, S., Wiegand, T.: Comparison of the coding efficiency of video coding standards—Including high efficiency video coding (HEVC). IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 22(12), 1669–1684 (2012)
H.-H.-I. Fruanhofer, “HEVC 3D extension Test Model(3DV HTM) version 11.0,” 2013. [Online]. Available: https://hevc.hhi.fraunhofer.de/svn/svn_3DVCSoftware/tags/HTM-11.0/
(MPEG) IJSW. Dynamic adaptive streaming over http. w11578, CD 23001-6, w11578, CD 23001-6. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 (MPEG), Guangzhou, China, (2010)
Stockhammer, T.: Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP—Standards and design principles. In: Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Conference on Multimedia Systems (MMSYS 2011), no. i, pp. 133–143 (2011)
Wang, Z., Bovik, A.C., Sheikh, H.R., Member, S., Simoncelli, E.P., Member, S.: Image quality assessment : from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 13(4), 600–612 (2004)
Wiegand, T., Schwarz, H., Joch, A., Kossentini, F., Member, S., Sullivan, G.J.: Rate-constrained coder control and comparison of video coding standards. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 13(7), 688–703 (2003)
Begen, A., Akgul, T., Baugher, M.: Watching video over the web: part 1: streaming protocols. J. IEEE Internet Comput. 15(2), 54–63 (2011)
Kuschnig, R., Kofler, I., Hellwagner, H.: Evaluation of HTTP-based request-response streams for internet video streaming. In: Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Multimedia systems. (San Jose, California, USA, February 23–25, 2011) MMSys `11. pp. 245–256. ACM, New York (2011)
Pantos, R., May, W.: HTTP Live Streaming. Internet Draft IETF Draft. IETF Tools. http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-pantos-http-live-streaming-04 (2010)
Zambelli, A.: IIS smooth streaming technical overview. Microsoft Corporation (2009)
Hassoun, D.: Dynamic streaming in flash media server 3.5. Adobe. http://www.adobe.com/devnet/adobe-media-server/articles/dynstream_advanced_pt1.html (2010)
Akamai, HD.: Network Demo. http://wwwns.akamai.com/hdnetwork/demo/flash/zeri/
Lohmar, T., Einarsson, T., Frojdh, P., Gabin, F., Kampmann, M.: Dynamic adaptive HTTP streaming of live content. In: Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (Lucca, Italy, 20–24 June, 2011) WoWMoM ‘11. pp. 1–8 (2011)
Javadtalab, A., Semsarzadeh, M., Khanchi, A., Shirmohammandi, S., Yassine, A.: Continuous one-way detection of available bandwidth changes for video streaming over best-effort networks. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 64(1), 190–203 (2015)
Ba, K.T., Tekalp, A.M., Adaptive stereoscopic 3D video streaming. In: Image Processing (ICIP), 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on, pp. 2409–2412 (2010)
Hamza A, Hefeeda, M.: A DASH-based free viewpoint video streaming system. In: Proceedings of Network and Operating System Support on Digital Audio and Video Workshop, p. 55. (2013)
Calagari, K.: Anahita: A system for 3D Video streaming with depth customization categories and subject descriptors. In: Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 337–346 (2014)
Psannis, K.E., Hadjinicolaou, M., Krikelis, A.: MPEG-2 streaming of full interactive content. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 16(2), 280–285 (2006)
Schierl, T., Hannuksela, M.M., Wang, Y.-K., Wenger, S.: System layer integration of high efficiency video coding (HEVC). IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 22(12), 1871–1884 (2012)
Wenger, S.: H.264/AVC over IP, IEEE. Trans. Circuits Syst. 13(7), (2003)
Roodaki, H., Hashemi, M.R., Shirmohammadi, S.: A new methodology to derive objective quality assessment metrics for scalable multi-view 3D video coding. ACM Trans. Multimed. Comput. Commun. Appl. 8(3s), 25 (2012). (Article 44). doi:10.1145/2348816.2348823
Roodaki, H., Hashemi, M. R., Shirmohammadi, S.: Rate-Distortion optimization for scalable multi-view video coding. In: Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, p. 6. Chengdu (2014). doi:10.1109/ICME.2014.6890275
Oztas, B., Pourazad, M.T., Nasiopoulos, P., Sodagar, I., Leung, V.C.M.: A rate adaptation approach for streaming multiview plus depth content. In: Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 2014 International Conference on, no. Mvd, pp. 1006–1010 (2013)
Bosc, E., Racapé, F., Jantet, V., Riou, P., Pressigout, M., Morin, L.: A study of depth/texture bit-rate allocation in multi-view video plus depth compression. Ann. Telecommun. Ann. Des Télécommun. 68(11–12), 615–625 (2013)
Li, B., Li, H., Li, L., Jinlei, Z.: Rate control by R-lambda model for HEVC. Jt. Collab. Team Video Coding(JCT-VC)of ITU-T SG 16 WP 3 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11, pp. 1–11 (2012)
Roodaki, H., Hashemi, M.R., Shirmohammadi, S.: New scalable modalities in multi-view 3D video. In: Proceedings ACM Workshop on Mobile Video, Oslo, Norway, pp. 25–30 (2013) doi:10.1145/2457413.2457420
Ndjiki-nya, P., Köppel, M., Doshkov, D., Lakshman, H., Merkle, P., Muller, K., Wiegand, T.: Depth image-based rendering with advanced texture synthesis for 3-D video. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 13(3), 453–465 (2011)
Dimenco: Non-glass 3D displayer. http://www.dimenco.eu/3d-displays/displays/65-inch-4k/(2014)
Alioscopy: Alioscopy 3D HD 55” LV data sheet. http://www.alioscopy.com/en/datasheet.php?model=Alioscopy 3D HD 47%22 LV. (2010)
Tanimoto Lab at Nagoya University: Kendo Test sequences. http://www.tanimoto.nuee.nagoya-u.ac.jp/
Ho, Y.-S., Lee, E.-K., Cheon, L.: Newspaper, multiview video test sequence and camera parameters. In: International Organisation For Standardisation Organisation I ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 Coding of Moving Pictures and Audio, pp. 1–6. (2008)
Call for Proposals on 3D Video Coding Technology. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 MPEG2011/N12036, Geneva, (2011)
Rizzo, L.: Dummynet : a simple approach to the evaluation of network protocols. ACM SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 27(1997), 31–41 (1997)
Internet Information Service. http://www.iis.net (2014)
Thang, T.C., Le, H.T., Member, S., Pham, A.T., Member, S., Ro, Y.M.: An evaluation of bitrate adaptation methods for HTTP live streaming. IEEE J. Sel. ATREAS Commun. 32(4), 693–705 (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Su, T., Sobhani, A., Yassine, A. et al. A DASH-based HEVC multi-view video streaming system. J Real-Time Image Proc 12, 329–342 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-015-0504-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-015-0504-8