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Bewertung von IT-Investitionen mit dem Realoptionsansatz

Valuation of IT Investments Using Real Options Theory

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WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK

Zusammenfassung

Zur Bewertung von IT-Investitionen findet der Realoptionsansatz in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur häufig Anwendung. Die Anwendung des Realoptionsansatzes beinhaltet oftmals eine monetäre Bewertung von Realoptionen anhand von Optionsbewertungsverfahren, welche wiederum auf restriktiven Annahmen beruhen und dadurch Kritik ausgesetzt sind. Daher untersucht dieser Beitrag die Anwendung von Optionsbewertungsverfahren zur Bewertung von IT-Investitionen. Mittels einer strukturierten Literaturanalyse wird herausgearbeitet, welche Arten von IT-Investitionen als Grundlage für die Optionsbewertung in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur dienen. Die so identifizierten Arten von IT-Investitionen werden anschließend daraufhin untersucht, inwieweit deren Eigenschaften mit den teilweise sehr restriktiven Annahmen klassischer Optionsbewertungsverfahren kompatibel sind. Auf dieser Basis wird analysiert, ob und wie die identifizierten Beiträge die Annahmen der klassischen Optionsbewertung adressieren. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass kritische Annahmen in der Modellierung oftmals nicht berücksichtigt werden, obwohl deren Nichterfüllung diskutiert wird und damit bekannt ist. Die Erfüllung der Annahmen hängt dabei auch von den Eigenschaften der bewerteten Art der IT-Investition ab. Ferner gibt es zahlreiche Erweiterungen klassischer Optionsbewertungsverfahren, durch deren Anwendung kritische Annahmen relaxiert werden können. Die in diesem Beitrag abgeleiteten Ergebnisse sollen Forschern aufzeigen, bei welcher Art von IT-Investition welche Annahmen der klassischen Optionsbewertung kritisch sein können und welche Möglichkeiten der Relaxierung dieser Annahmen existieren.

Abstract

Real Options Theory is often applied when evaluating IT investments. The application of Real Options Theory is generally accompanied by a monetary valuation of real options through option pricing models which in turn are based on restrictive assumptions and thus subject to criticism. Therefore, this paper analyzes the application of option pricing models to the valuation of IT investments. A structured literature review reveals the types of IT investments which are valued with Real Options Theory in scientific literature. These types of IT investments are further investigated and their main characteristics are compared to the restrictive assumptions of traditional option pricing models. This analysis serves as a basis for further discussion on how the identified papers address these assumptions. The results show that a great deal of papers do not account for critical assumptions, although it is known that the assumptions are not fulfilled. Moreover, the type of IT investment determines the criticality of the assumptions. Additionally, several extensions or adaptions of traditional option pricing models can be found which provide the possibility to relax critical assumptions. Researchers can profit from the results derived in this paper in two ways: First, is is demonstrated which assumptions can be critical for which type of IT investments. Second, extensions of option pricing models that relax critical assumptions are introduced.

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Notes

  1. Hier sind die Annahmen des BSM dargestellt, welche sich lediglich hinsichtlich (A2) von den Annahmen des BM unterscheiden. Verringert man die Zeitintervalle des BM, so lässt sich der Binomialprozess des BM in den kontinuierlichen Prozess des BSM überführen (Trigeorgis 1996, S. 83).

  2. Im Folgenden soll Annahme (A5) nicht weiter betrachtet werden, da diese nicht realoptionsspezifisch ist und für verschiedene Kapitalmarktmodelle (wie bspw. das Capital Asset Pricing Model) benötigt wird.

  3. Für eine Herleitung der Formeln zur Optionsbewertung sei auf Standardliteratur wie bspw. Franke und Hax (2003) oder Perridon et al. (2009) verwiesen.

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Danksagung

Dieser Artikel wurde durch die DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) im Rahmen des Projekts „IT-Portfoliomanagement (BU 809/10-1)“ gefördert. Ich danke an dieser Stelle für die Unterstützung.

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Correspondence to Christian Ullrich.

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Angenommen nach einer Überarbeitung durch Prof. Dr. Buxmann.

This article is also available in English via http://www.springerlink.com and http://www.bise-journal.org: Ullrich, C (2013) Valuation of IT Investments Using Real Options Theory. Bus Inf Syst Eng. doi: 10.1007/s12599-013-0286-0.

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Ullrich, C. Bewertung von IT-Investitionen mit dem Realoptionsansatz. Wirtschaftsinf 55, 333–345 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11576-013-0380-4

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